Successful Hiv Prevention And Treatment Requires Evidence...

â€Å"Successful HIV prevention and treatment requires evidence-based approaches that combine biomedical strategies with behavioral interventions that are socially and culturally appropriate for the population or community being prioritized for the population or community being prioritized† (Martinez, 2016). Hispanic/Latino Culture Towards HIV Prevention Plans Cultural Background The Hispanic cultural is still signified by the dominant role of the male in the community and family structure (Gurung, 2014). Sex, sexual orientation, and homosexuality is still not a comfortable conversation for many Latinos as they feel shame, guilt, and fear of stigma and discrimination (Martinez, 2016), even in the confines of the health care facilities. Many Latinos also face language, cultural and documentation barriers to seeking diagnosis and support of HIV (Martinez et al, 2016). Although more and more providers are able to converse in Spanish, the culture behind the language is less common. The Latinos that have immigrated also face the barrier of legal documentation, adding fear to seeking medical and social support within the U.S. support networks (Dennis et all, 2013). In the case of the immigrant Latino, studies show they use â€Å"sexual activity as a sense of identity or attractiveness† (Moreno Baer, 2012, p.138) and â€Å"use sex to enhance social connect ions† (Moreno Baer, 2012, P.138), in a culture they are desperately trying to settled into. Mixing their traditional sexual views andShow MoreRelatedPrevention Of Hiv / Aids Essay1641 Words   |  7 Pagesindividuals diagnosed with HIV/AIDS involve several factors as it relates to a chronic disease. According to Auslander Freedenthal in Gehlert Browne (2012), HIV/AIDS is a chronic disease that once diagnosed, requires adherence to complex and challenging treatment regimens. Prevention of this disease requires changes in behavior that would lead to the reduction of less risky sexual behaviors. Harm reduction is a particular treatment approach that is used with HIV/AIDS individuals. As statedRead MoreStds : A Universal Experience1051 Words   |  5 Pagesreduced self-confidence. This increases the risk that chronic patients will not adhere to treatment protocols and will have reduced ability and desire to self-manage care (Barrie, 2010). During a teaching session, the n urse is able to provide nonjudgmental and respectful support. It is an opportunity to honestly discuss the importance of compliance, risks and adverse effects associated with that treatment, and to provide information about pain relief options that the patient can try independentlyRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )2524 Words   |  11 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the cause of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) (Lamptey et al 2002). The transmission of this virus occurs through contact with blood, semen, vaginal secretions and breast milk (Lamptey et al 2002). Sexual intercourse with a HIV infected partner is the most common cause of transmission. HIV can also spread through contact with contaminated syringes or needles and also be passed from mother to child through pregnancy, birth and breast feeding (LampteyRead MoreHIV/AIDS and Women4590 Words   |  19 Pages1. Introduction : 2 2. HIV/AIDS : 2 3. HIV/AIDS and women : 2 4. Special signs and symptoms of HIV/AIDS in women : 3 5. Vulnerability of women to AIDS : 3 6. The challenges that HIV/AIDS infected women faced : 4 7. Transmission of HIV to women : 5 8. Global distribution of HIV/AIDS among women : 5 9. The impact of HIV on women : 7 10. Prevention : 9 11. HIV treatment : 9 12. Prevention Challenges : 11 13. The Global Response to HIV/AIDS : 11 14. The GlobalRead MoreEssay about The Science, Technology, and Ethics of HIV Vaccine Research4289 Words   |  18 PagesThe Science, Technology, and Ethics of HIV Vaccine Research An annual report recently released by the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS indicated that the number of HIV-infected individuals increased 10 percent in the last year, bringing the number of people worldwide who are now carrying the virus to over 33 million. According to the report, half of these new infections were in people15 to 24 years old, and there were 11 new infections a minute. Sub-Saharan Africa reportedly accountsRead MoreSocial work intervention in prevention and control of HIV/AIDS5421 Words   |  22 Pagesï » ¿Social Work Intervention in Prevention and Control of HIV/AIDS Introduction In India, HIV which causes AIDS appeared much later than any parts of the world. However, the disease is spreading with unprecedented rapidity and has now emerged as a serious socio-economic and public health problem. HIV and AIDS is a term in today’s world that has become synonymous with epidemic. The truth is that the HIV/ AIDS pandemic have affected not only the adults but even the youth and the children. Hence, itRead MoreThe Necessity Of Surgery Within A Global Health Context3125 Words   |  13 Pagespublic health. Common global health approaches, such as prevention of disease through vaccination, are an absolute necessity. However, surgery is often overlooked as a sustainable, effective intervention because of erroneous beliefs about cost efficiency and fears over inadequate infrastructure. While these problems can hamper effective surgical interventions, this paper aims to show that global surgery can be an effective measure to address treatment and prevention of dise ase, as well as other ailmentsRead MoreEthical Dilemma of Hiv Disclosure in Intimate Relationships5638 Words   |  23 PagesHIV Prevention with Positives in Thailand: Ethical Dilemma of HIV Status Disclosure in intimate relationship. Abstract Every year, there are about ten thousand new HIV infection cases in Thailand. The majority of new HIV transmissions in Thailand have changed from commercial sex to intimate relationships while HIV prevention generally focuses on self protection and universal precaution. In 2003, Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommend to integrate HIV preventive measure into routineRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Infection ( Hiv ) Essay1830 Words   |  8 PagesThe human immunodeficiency infection (HIV) has claimed the lives of more than 35 million individuals since its emergence. In 2014, an estimated 3000 individuals in New Zealand was reported to be living with HIV. And, although HIV doesn t discriminate, the brunt of this epidemic’s impact has disproportionately affected specific populaces. Men who have sex with men (MSM) have a higher probability of contracting HIV since the virus is eighteen times more communicable through anal sex when comparedRead MoreHiv Pandemic : The Ongoing Human Immunodeficiency Virus5537 Words   |  23 Pages1.1 The HIV Pandemic: The ongoing Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) pandemic has and continues to devastate many individuals across the globe, leaving children orphaned, families fractured, and local economies disrupted. The first known and confirmed case of HIV infection dates back to 1959 [1], however AIDS-related pathologies were not recognized as interrelated outcomes from the same disease until 1981 when clusters of young, homosexual men in New York City and Los Angeles began presenting with

The Effects Of Autism On A Cheerleading Team - 999 Words

Advancing in the Aspie World I bet you’ve seen at least one before. You know, those articles on the news about someone with autism, doing something amazing that any typical person would never envision them doing. Getting elected homecoming king, being on a cheerleading team, or carrying out an act of kindness that even non-autistic people wouldn’t ever consider are just some of the things that I’ve seen. Though these are spectacular self-esteem lifters for these individuals, warm and fuzzy stories for the public and excellent publicity for wherever they occur, many often forget that autism is a spectrum condition, and functioning levels vary, from wheelchair bound individuals to those in society whose names everyone recognizes. There are autistic individuals on both ends of the spectrum. Those on the lower end exhibit some of the behaviors associated with â€Å"classical autism,† like jitters and cognitive impairment. While others, like myself, are on the other end, still â€Å"auti stic,† but can mask mild symptoms quite well, and function in society though wearing labels of â€Å"odd† or â€Å"quirky† with high functioning autism, and some are in the middle. No matter which form of autism an individual has, life is different for that person in more ways than one, both beneficial and challenging. I myself have a form of high functioning autism known as Asperger’s Syndrome. Asperger’s Syndrome, or AS for short, was discovered in the early 20th century by a physician for whom it’s named, whoShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand Moods 97 Personality and Values 131 Perception and Individual Decision Making 165 Motivation Concepts 201 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group Behavior 271 Understanding Work Teams 307 Communication 335 Leadership 367 Power and Politics 411 Conflict and Negotiation 445 Foundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies

Summary of The Auditor free essay sample

The Auditor by James K. Loebbecke tells a story about the life and career of an auditor named Jack Butler. The book shows Jack’s career from his education all the way to his promotion to partner. Loebbecke designed this story about Jack as a teaching tool to give students an understanding about the life of an auditor. The story begins with Jack’s promotion to partner and how it was bittersweet for him. Jack is excited for the promotion, but is also nervous about the extra responsibility partners have and the stress it can bring on family life. He is also upset because his friend Don was considered for the promotion too, but was turned down. In these chapters, Loebbecke shows the good and the bad that comes with partnership. There are financial rewards and prestige, but also potential strain on friendships and family. For the rest of the book, the author unfolds the events that take Jack closer to his partnership with The Firm. After Jacks promotion, the story goes back in time and shows all the events that led to the promotion. It begins with Jack’s education and then to recruitment at The Firm. During Jack’s college years he gets advice from his father and Wally Garner, a faculty member. At that time Jack takes an interest in accounting and Wally takes Jack underneath his wing and gives Jack advice in planning a career in accounting. Wally gives Jack great advice on the differences between MBA versus MPrA and the differences between the types of accounting careers as Jack prepares for graduate school. With Wally’s assistance, Jack decides to pursue a MBA and attends graduate school. There he participates in Firm night where he meets several potential employers and sets up interviews with several firms. This is when Jack meets Quentin â€Å"Bear† Barnes an important character in the book and Jack’s future boss at The Firm. Jack interviews with Barnes and after some consideration between different firms he decides to work for Barnes. In these chapters, the author shows how it is beneficial for a student to build relationships with faculty who can help guide them as they prepare for a career. Also, he shows the importance of attending firm night to begin networking with potential employers to increase chances of employment. As the story continues with Jack’s early days with The Firm, he learns the ropes of public accounting and the life of being an auditor. Also, â€Å"Bearisms† are introduced in the book. â€Å"Bearisms† are a series of thoughts and advice of Quentin Barnes which he gives throughout the book to guide Jack and new recruits in their new career. Jack attends a training school in Michigan with other new recruits to learn auditing procedures. Once he is finished with the training school, Jack is assigned to his first auditing job with a cement company, Rineholt. At Rineholt, Jack learns a lot, but is overwhelmed. Jack is reassured by Bear through one of his â€Å"Bearisms†, â€Å"If you don’t feel that you’re in over your head, you aren’t making sufficient progress. † Jack also faces his first ethical dilemma at Rineholt. He discovers the petty cash custodian, who is a single mother, has been borrowing money from the fund to help pay her bills. Jack feels empathy for the mother and doesn’t want to feel guilty if she gets terminated, but knows he must do the right thing and report it to the company. Also at Rineholt, Jack gets his first real test of professional skepticism. He is observing cement inventory stored in silos with an employee named Walt. Jack gives a measurement to Walt in order to calculate the volume of cement in the silos. After the measurement, Jack notices that Walt writes down a different number. When Jack asks Walt about it, Walt tells Jack about â€Å"dead-fill allowance factor. † Jack was unsure about the explanation, so he talks with management. Jack finds out that Walt was changing the measurements. The author uses these scenarios to demonstrate some of the difficult aspects of the auditing professional. Auditors must be steadfast in their duty to the client. They cannot be afraid to be skeptical of the practices of their client or be afraid to deliver bad news if necessary. The author puts Jack into some situations to show examples of how auditors may encounter difficult situations with clients and personnel that will require much consideration. The first example of a difficult situation for Jack is when he works underneath Stan Wright on the Ardmore audit. Stan had a reputation for demanding a lot from his subordinates and being unreasonable regarding working conditions. Stan was working Jack and several other auditors very hard to the brink of exhaustion. Barney, Jack’s coworker, was having a nervous breakdown from exhaustion and from his wife threatening to leave him because of work. Jack understands the situation and tells Barney only to work forty hours per week despite Stan’s orders. In the end, the partner in charge sides with Jack decision, he then gives Jack a favorable review, and fires Stan for his abusive managing style. Another example of a difficult situation for Jack is when he seniors a construction audit under the tax partner, Roy Shantz. Jack was reviewing the company’s project completion projections and finds that the company needs to book some loses. He brings the matter to Shantz’s attention. Shantz tells Jack that he will have a meeting with the owner, but Jack is not allowed to attend. After the meeting, Shantz tells Jack to use his numbers which show a profit and not a loss. Jack has a bad feeling about this, but reluctantly does what he is told because a partner told him to do it. Eventually, the company is sold and goes under. The Texas company that made the purchase brought a suit against The Firm because of the bad numbers from the audit, but it was settled. This could have been a bad situation for Jack if the suit had not been settled. Jack learned from his mistake for not sticking to his decision and for what was right. Another common situation where experienced auditors can find themselves is when they are approached by an outside company trying to recruit them. Jack finds himself in this situation after working with The Firm for a few years. The CFO of the cement division of Rineholt offers Jack a position that will give him a higher salary and more benefits. Jacks confides with Bear to try to figure out what is best for Jack. Bear asks Jack several critical questions that cause Jack to think hard about this decision. In the end, Jack decides to stay with The Firm because he feels public accounting is more fulfilling to him than an industry job. Not long after Jack turns down the offer from Rineholt, Jack is promoted to manager. Jack is told that he needs to start thinking like a partner in order to move to the next level. Jack understands that part of the partner’s job is to acquire and maintain clients. Jack gets advice from his dad and Bear. A piece of advice he is gets it to maintain a network in order to get new business. Jack updates his contacts list and contacts some alumni. Jack gets a referral from one of his alumni contacts about a company named FFI who is ready to make an IPO. Jack and Bear make a proposal and get the client. Unfortunately, many problems arise in the audit and Jack realizes this maybe his toughest audit and suspects possible fraud. He feels they will need to do more work and will not be able to finish the audit before the proposed IPO date. CFO and owner explain everything is fine and Bear and Jack need to finish up the audit. Bear refuses and tells them he is not willing to take the chance of being sued. The owner makes a roundabout threat of changing auditors because of Bear’s refusal to go along. Bear then tells Jack another one of his â€Å"Bearisms†, â€Å"It’s better to lose a client than to make a decision that you worry may be wrong. † Jack learns a lot from this audit because of the difficulty and new problems he encountered. He admits that the â€Å"real learning† come from messy audits like this one. The author uses this example of a messy audit to show two points. The first one is to embrace a difficult audit as it is a great learning experience. New problems create new ways of problem solving. Second, never let a client compromise your integrity even if it means that you lose the client. As the story comes to the end, the office is shaken up when everyone get the news that Bear had a heart attack. Because of the heart attack, Bear decides to retire within several months. In the meantime, Bear wants to start grooming Jack to become the partner in charge at the office. Bear even inquires about Don possibly becoming a partner in a year. Jack contacts Don and tells him about the situation at the office. Don informs Jack that he will be taking a job with the SEC in Washington, D. C. Jack is sad that Don is leaving, but he is also happy for him at the same time. The story ends as Jack lays in bed thinking about what the future will bring at The Firm.

Bad Blood by Blood on the Dance Floor free essay sample

BOTDF’s career started out shakily. Dahvie Vanity had come out of another group that disbanded due to the other members’ not being able to tour like Vanity. BOTDF officially got its start in 20007, with the first full album, Let’s Start A Riot! That was also when the Slash Gash Terror Crew was born. The fan following is massive, even though BOTDF gets a bad rap. The criticism goes deep. Davey Boy, a staff member of Sputnikmusic, said in a review: â€Å" While Jayy Von Monroes vocals are occasionally tolerable, Dahvie Vanitys are in desperate need of auto-tune especially throughout verses where he approaches rapping and spoken-word. Seriously, you just have to listen to his delivery of Every 14.2 minutes, someone in the United States dies by suicide at the beginning of You Are the Heart to understand how awful Vanitys voice is. † Perwell Fowler from Bring on Mixed Reviews said â€Å" Why review something that looks like an easy target you ask? It’ s because there has got to be a better way to get the youth to know they aren’t alone in this world and to be confident enough to be free from bullying and depression, than listening to someone with a purple studded jacket and tiger whisker face paint. We will write a custom essay sample on Bad Blood by Blood on the Dance Floor or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If you are a fan reading this, do yourself a favor and pick up a less offensive choice.† In 2013, the album, Bad Blood, was released to expectant fans. It features the singles I Refuse to Sink and Crucifed By Your Lies, the latter being Vanity’s outcry against sex.ual assult charges that were dropped. But the album’s quality is outstanding compared to the previous albums. Vanity’s vocals are smoother, his screams less screechy. Now, Jayy Von Monroe’s vocals are even better. His voice is deeper and utilized to their full extent. The ever-present se.xual messages have disappeared almost completely. Only one song is somewhat suggestive. The rest of the songs are inspiring in a way. Bad Blood is by far Blood On The Dance Floor’s best work yet.

Victimization of the Black Americans

From time immemorial, America has been a platform of racial and cultural segregation. The Blacks in this country have, for a long time, faced unimaginable discrimination. There have been a number of indicators of racist brutality and violence against the black.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Victimization of the Black Americans specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The roles played by white women and white blacks in the fight against racism and discrimination have taken different dimensions. Many literature materials have talked about the unheard voices of black women in this continent as one of the major causative factors of political movements against the ill practice of racism. However, sexual offences have been viewed as minor tools of racial oppression and have only been highlighted in stories that talk about the struggle for freedom by African Americans. For a long time, the pleas of women were unheard. This wa s either because of racial inequality or gender domination; all of which did not favor the blacks any bit. For this reason, the plight of sexually molested African Americans in the USA did not find justice until 1959 when a sexually abused black lady received justice. Her white assailants were arrested, tried and convicted by an all-white jury. This then marked a historical transition that marked the end of silence that surrounded rape against the blacks. Many other similar cases were then publicized. This included a case that involved two white police officers who arrested a young black lady purported to have been drunk then later raped her repeatedly. Sexual harassment, thought unrecognized, was one of the major tools of racial discrimination and segregation amongst the blacks and whites of USA. The fact that victims of this circumstance broke their silence and came forward to talk about their plight was not brought about by the demolition of a wall of silence. It was, however, en gineered by the available opportunities for justice and the unbearable pain of violation faced by these women. The increasing number of rape cases that received justice from courts full of whites was the championing factor that prompted black victims of such circumstances to come forward and speak about their offences.Advertising Looking for essay on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Post cold war activities of the 1970s were also platforms of sexual offences amongst the black women of USA. In some situations, black women who found themselves amidst the clashing interest of antagonistic policies fell victims of sexual harassment. The ill-fated rape victims had to come forth and present their pleas to the relevant authorities. Others presented their pleas to church leaders after either failing to be given a listening ear by the authorities or failing to trust them. After an endless fight to earn recognition on the judicial platforms, rape victims received support from humanitarian agencies. This then enabled them gain justice for sexual offences committed against them. At the end of cold war, new concepts aimed at fighting sexual offences against black women were introduced. These concepts were meant to foster human security and development in a bid to improve awareness on the plight of black women. Human security incorporated military preparedness and power stability amongst political powers. This also incorporated health, community, personal and environmental security. At the end of it all, there were fruitful gains that resulted from undivided support of humanitarian agencies. It is important to note that the violation of human rights is a menace that must be countered by all available forces in a bid to save human dignity. This essay on Victimization of the Black Americans was written and submitted by user Dominic Hill to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Immigrants, Emigrants, and Migrants

Immigrants, Emigrants, and Migrants Immigrants, Emigrants, and Migrants Immigrants, Emigrants, and Migrants By Maeve Maddox A reader asks: Emigrate, immigrate, migrate.   What is the proper usage of these words?   It seems like the [use] is indiscriminate. All three words trace their origin to the Latin verb migrare, â€Å"to remove from one place to another.† This common ancestor gives English four verbs: migrate: to move, either temporarily or permanently, from one place, area, or country of residence to another emigrate: (e, â€Å"out† + migrate) to remove out of country for the purpose of settling in another. immigrate: (im, â€Å"in, into† + migrate) to come to settle in a country not one’s own; to pass into a new place of residence. transmigrate: (trans, â€Å"across† + migrate) of the soul: to pass after death into another body. The verbs yield several noun forms, some of which are also used as adjectives: migration migrant emigration emigrant immigration immigrant transmigration Usage examples from the Web: There is a challenge for policy-makers to understand the obstacles migrants face in Australia. Committee on Migrant Workers discusses role of migration statistics for treaty reporting and migration policies. Although not common, two additional adjectives sometimes seen are immigrational and migrational. From Multiculturalism to Immigrational Survavalism [sic] (headline at novitiate.com) Immigrational Background Affects the Effectiveness of a School-based Overweight Prevention Program Promoting Water Consumption (title of research paper) A common error is to confuse immigrant and emigrant. Here’s an instance when etymological information can help with spelling. Just remember that the prefix im- means â€Å"in† and that the prefix e- means â€Å"out†: When Charles Darnay fled France to escape the guillotine, he was an emigrant. When he settled in England, he was an immigrant. A migrant is simply on the move, not necessarily planning a permanent change of address. Plants and animals also migrate, as do things on computers. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply withWhat's a Male Mistress?List of 50 Compliments and Nice Things to Say!

I Want To Live by Thom Jones Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

I Want To Live by Thom Jones - Essay Example From the beginning of illness, Mrs. Wilson lives on medicines that relieve her of the crushing pains. Though the medication process often seems to be as painful as the growth of cancer, she takes it out of a strong desire to live. The surprising turn of the story’s yield is that though she begins to grow hatred for the ritualistic painful process of medication, she cannot but take it since it allows her to be blessed with more scopes to live for few more hours. Indeed the medication process along its benefits and lacking resembles life itself. Mrs. Wilson feels that what one needs to live a life is his or her ‘will to live’, even though it exposes her to the next painful session of her illness and the medication process that is the metaphor of pain and sorrow in life. Before coming to her daughter’s house, she was gradually losing her â€Å"will to live†. Whereas in the hospital’s cancer care unit, the anguish of accepting death was continually rising, her â€Å"will to live† begins to grow; once she chooses to pass her terminal days. Mrs. Wilson’s shift from the hospital or clinic to her daughter’s house stands for her transport from the care of d uty to the care of love. Even though the doctors and the nurses perform their duty well, they cannot fill up the gap, caused by the lack of a close relative at her bedside. Indeed the author shows that the nurses’ and doctors’ care is their duty, whereas her daughter’s and son-in-law’s care is their love. From a medical perspective, it can be said that the care in his daughter’s house more holistic than any professional care in any clinic or medical. In this regard, Laughlin says, â€Å"The author depicts a more holistic model of caretaking here, integrating professional health care, knowledge from pharmacological and alternative medicines, and the value of relationships† (7). From a literary perspective, Mrs. Wilson’s near relatives’ presence during the terminal hours

Research design (Qualitative, Quantitative, and mixed methods Paper

Design (Qualitative, Quantitative, and mixed methods approaches) - Research Paper Example The use of sub-questions would be useful exploring the answers to the research question. Qualitatively written questions help in gaining an understanding of essential reasons, motivations, and opinions. It offers perceptions into the problem or rather helps in developing ideas or assumptions for prospective quantitative research. In addition, qualitative research is used to expose trends in opinions, and expound further into the problem (Petty, Thomson, & Stew, 2012). The techniques for data collection in qualitative research methodology include individual interviews, focus group, and observation. All of these will be useful in researching Green Logistics Chain and Issues because the sample size remains typically small also requires an exploratory research approach. The two forms of writing quantitative research questions include descriptive research questions and comparative research questions. Descriptive research questions aim at describing the variables being measured (Petty, Thomson, & Stew, 2012). The word describe implies that the research questions seek to quantify variables one intends to measure. For instance, the question that begins like, how much, how often, and what percentage are usually used in describing quantifiable variables. Descriptive research questions concentrate on just one variable and a group though they can comprise multiple variables or even groups. Comparative research questions seek to examine the variances between two groups on single dependent variables. Such questions typically begin by asking "what is the variation in" (Amelina, 2012). Descriptive research questions are essential for the quantitative research in answering this topic. For instance, how much CO2 results from Freight transport emissions. The desc riptive research question will attempt to find out the quantity or amount of CO2. Mixed methods research questions apply various

Concepts of Organisational Structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 22

Concepts of Organisational Structure - Essay Example Change management is also known as alteration. This case study shall explain the change management, leadership style and organizational structure of the pharmaceutical company Pfizer. It is one of the successful pharmaceutical companies of the world operating its business approximately 180 countries of the world. The firm was founded in 1849. Presently it has around 110600 employees. The strong vision of the company helps it to operate its business worldwide. This American multinational company produces medicine for animals and human. The leaders of this company are very effective and they run the organization in an efficient way. They played an important role in the development of the company. The firm hires good and quality staffs that innovate and develop strategies to achieve the goals of the Pfizer. The company experienced many acquisitions, divestitures and mergers. The change management of this firm has improved the organizational structure of the company. Pfizer’s orga nizational management system experienced many changes which helped the company handle many situations which can even lead to break up of the company. The organizational goal of the company is to deliver its commitments to its customers by maintaining transparency in its activities. Efficient operation of the business is based on its organizational structure. The routine of the company is set by its structure. It helps to determine how the firm will make and implement decisions for performing its various tasks and activities. There are many types of organizational structure like functional, flat, geographical, product, matrix and divisional organizational structures. A divisional organizational structure is mainly implemented in big companies which operates a business in a large geographical area. This structure is expensive because of its scope and size. In a functional structure, each part of the company is grouped according to the work. There are many departments where employees work as per there specific functions. Matrix is a high breed organizational structure. It is a mixture of functional and divisional organizational structure.

Contributions Of Lim Guan Eng In Penang

Contributions Of Lim Guan Eng In Penang As a democracy country, there are many politicians in Malaysia. Based on the Oxford English Dictionary, politician means that a person who is professionally involved in politics, especially as a holder of an elected office. Besides, due to the Macmillan Dictionary, it is defined that politician is someone who has a job in politics and especially a member of parliament. Other than that, politician is a leader engaged in civil administration and always active in party politics. For those who are interested to become a politician or a political leader, he or she is involved in influencing public policy and decision making. This may be included people who hold decision making positions in government, and people who seek to those positions. However, politics is not limited to governance through public office. Political offices may also be held in corporations, and other entities that are governed by self-defined political processes. This can be known as freedom fighters. In order to become a politician in Malaysia, the individuals must be very active in political area. They are politically active especially in party politics. They must be a person who is holding or seeking political office whether elected or appointed, whether professionally or otherwise. Besides, the positions range is from local offices to executive, legislative and judicial offices of state and national governments. Some law enforcement officers, such as sheriffs are considered to be politicians also. There are many roles that need to be carried up as a politician. It is a common error to assume that the politicians role is to create jobs, encourage economic activity, enhance the welfare and well-being of his subjects, preserve the territorial integrity of his country, and fulfill a host of other functions. However, in truth, the politician has a single and exclusive role which is to get re-elected. His primary responsibility is to his party and its members. His relationship is with his real constituency, the partys rank and file. So, we can simplify that a politician is just like the CEO (Chief Executive Officer) and he needs to answer to the corporations major shareholders. Lastly, a politician must manage to persuade people that everything will just go on getting better. As a general rule, politicians cannot lie. They can just say the real thing to the society. All politicians know that they will never get elected if they did not tell out the truth and try to lie to the society. No opposition politician will make strong statements pointing out structural difficulties or impending disaster because one day they hope to be in power and so they will do nothing that might frighten the electorate. So, a politician must be a very sincere person and he or she must stand towards the justice. Biography One of the respected and honorable politician in Malaysia is Lim Guan Eng. Lim Guan Eng is a Chinese man who was born on 8 December 1960. The place of birth of Lim Guan Eng is in Johor Bahru. Lim Guan Eng is a Chinese name and Lim is the family name. The father of Lim Guan Eng is Lim Kit Siang who was also involved in politic before this. Lim Kit Siang, father of Lim Guan Eng is a prominent leader of the Democratic Action Party. This is a democratic socialist opposition party in Malaysia. Lim Kit Siang had become the leader of the opposition party in the Dewan Rakyat from 1973 to 1999 and 2004 to 2008. Besides, Lim Guan Eng is married to Betty Chew Gek Cheng. Betty Chew Gek Cheng is one of the Malaysian Chinese politicians. She is coming from the Democratic Action Party which is also known as (DAP). In the year of 2005, Betty Chew Gek Cheng became the chief of the DAP Malacca womens wing. Other than that, she is also represents the constituency of Kota Laksamana in the State Assembly of Malacca.  [1]  Lim Guan Eng and Betty Chew Gek Cheng have a total of four children. They have three sons and a daughter only. In addition, Lim Guan Eng himself is a Member of Parliament for Bagan, State Assembly man for Air Puteh. He is the 4th Chief Minister of the State of Penang. He is also the Secretary-General of the Malaysian Democratic Action Party (DAP). DAP completed a clean sweep of all 19 Penang state seats it contested in the 12th Malaysian General Election. Moreover, there is also the early education of Lim Guan Eng. First and foremost, Lim Guan Eng attended to the La Salle Primary English School which is situated in Petaling Jaya. After that, he also continued for his study at Montfort Primary English School which is situated at Batu Pahat. Next, as for his secondary education, he went to the High School which is also situated in Batu Pahat. Later, he went to the Malacca High School to further his study. As for his universitys life, he was study at Monash University which is one of the famous universities in Australia. The course that he was taking during that time was the Bachelor of Economics. Finally, Lim Guan Eng managed to graduate from Monash University, Australia. He was successfully became a qualified professional accountant in the year of 1983. Other than that, he was also the president of (MUISS) which is known as Monash University International Student Society. Political Career Furthermore, there was also the early career of Lim Guan Eng. Before participating himself into the political area, Lim Guan Eng was a Bank Senior executive. He was first elected as a Member of Parliament for Kota Melaka in the year of 1986 by defeating the former Malaysian football captain, Soh Chin Aun with a majority of 17,606 votes. In October of the year 1987, Lim Guan Eng was detained in Operation Lalang under the inhumane Internal Security Act also known as ISA for almost 18 months. He was released after 18 months on April 1989. After joining in the Democratic Action Party, his political life becomes more active. As a proof to show that he began to active in the political area, he was appointed as the DAP Socialist Youth Chairman in the year of 1989. Then, he was elected to that post in the year of 1992. Besides, he was then re-elected in the subsequent year of 1990 and 1995 for general elections as MP for Kota Melaka for the second and third term, albeit with reduced majority votes. He thus became the first person to be elected for three consecutive terms in Kota Melaka. Other than that, he was also the first Malacca High School alumnus to achieve this. In the year 1995 also, he was elected as the DAP Deputy Secretary-General. Unfortunately, Lim Guan Eng was charged under the Sedition Act during this year also. After 12 months, Lim Guan Eng was released which is on 25 August 1999 due to his good behavior. Due to his incarceration, he was barred from standing for election for a period of five years. Therefore, he was ineligible to contest in the 2004 General Election. So in the year of 2004, he became the Secretary-General of the party in May. In 8 March 2008, Lim Guan Eng again contested in the Bagan parliamentary seat and Air Putih state seat in the General Election. Finally, he won the Bagan seat, defeated Song Choy Leng (BN) with a majority of 22,070 votes, and the Air Putih seat beating Tan Yoke Cheng (BN) with a 4,061 vote margin. Besides, during 11 March 2008, he also sworn in as the Chief Minister of Penang and initiated a system of governance which is based on the principles of Competency, Accountability and Transparency and with a soul as one that adopts an ethical and moral leadership that professes and gives faith, hope and love. Problems and obstacles faced by Lim Guan Eng Based on the whole political career stated above, Lim Guan Eng had faced some problems and obstructs in the year of 1994. He was arrested by the Malaysian police in 1994. This is because of his criticism on the governments handling of allegations of statutory rape in one of his constituents by former Chief Minister of the state of Melaka, Tan Sri Abdul Rahim Thamby Chik. Consequently, while the Attorney General decided not to press charges on Rahim Thamby Chik, Lim Guan Eng was charged under Section 4(1) (b) of the Sedition Act 1948 and also under Section 8A (1). The victim who was actually a Malay girl was initially detained by Malaysian police without parental consent for 10 days. With the verdict on the trial of Malaysian parliamentarian Lim Guan Eng due to be delivered shortly, Amnesty International reiterates its concern that Lim Guan Eng could face up to six years in jail and be disqualified from Parliament. Amnesty International considers that the charges against Lim Guan Eng were politically motivated, designed to intimidate dissenting voices and to limit debate on an issue of genuine public concern. Amnesty International believes that if convicted, he would be a prisoner of conscience imprisoned solely for the peaceful expression of his political views. Lim Guan Eng was charged in 1995 under the Sedition Act and the Printing Presses and Publications Act. His trial opened in January 1996 and concluded on 28 February 1997 at the Malacca High Court. The judge who was Datuk Mohd Noor Abdullah was expected to deliver his judgment on 28 April 1997. Due to the happening of this incident, Lim Guan Eng was barred from standing for election for a period of five years. Base on the rule, members of parliament who are jailed for a year, or who are fined more than RM2000 (approximately US$780), will automatically forfeit their parliamentary seats. In addition, Amnesty International concern that Lim Guan Eng could be imprisoned. Besides, the organization is also concerned that if he is convicted, his constituents will be denied their elected representative simply because he spoke out on their behalf. Malaysian police arrested and charged Lim Guan Eng after he had publicly criticized the governments handling of allegations of statutory rape against the former Chief Minister of Malacca, Tan Sri Abdul Rahim Tamby Chik in the year 1994. In January 1995, Lim Guan Eng also stated that double standards were being applied in the statutory rape case. Attorney General Mohtar Abdullah had decided not to prosecute Rahim Tamby Chik, while the underaged alleged victim, a fifteen-year old Muslim school girl was placed under protective custody. On 28 February 1995, Lim Guan Eng was accused under Section 4(1) (b) of the Sedition Act of prompting disaffection with the administration of justice in Malaysia. If he found guilty, he need to face up to three years in jail and a RM5000 (approximately US$1,960) fine or both. In addition, on 17 March 1995, Lim Guan Eng was charged under Section 8A (1) of the Printing Presses and Publications Act for maliciously printing a pamphlet containing allegedly false information specifically because he had used the term imprisoned victim in reference to the alleged rape victim. This charge carries a jail term of three years, a fine not exceeding RM20000 (approximately US$7,894) or both. Following the Federal Courts ruling, Judge Datuk Mohd Noor Abdullah ruled that the prosecution had in fact proved both charges against Lim Guan Eng beyond reasonable doubt and that the defense had a case to answer. Regarding Lim Guan Engs allegedly seditious verbal statements, the judge ruled that the report of a single junior police officer which was unsupported by an audio recording, constituted sufficient evidence to proceed. Besides, regarding the charges of printing false information, the judge ruled that the prosecution had proved beyond reasonable doubt evidence and suggesting that the phrase imprisoned victim was false. This was apparently ignoring assertions that the statutory rape victim had been detained by police for ten days without parental consent. Finally, after a series of appeals, Lim Guan Eng was sentenced to 18 months of imprisonment. However, he was released after 12 months on August 25 in the year of 1999. During the judicial procedure, Lim Guan Eng said that If I fail and have to go to jail, I have no regrets. I have no regrets of going down fighting for the principles of truth and justice and pursuit of human rights, especially womens rights. There can be no womens rights if women rape victims are considered equally responsible, and even detained, whilst the accused remain free.  [2]  Lim Guan Eng is such a good politician that stands on behalf of justice. Contributions of Lim Guan Eng in Penang As a politician, Lim Guan Eng does play his roles and manage to carry on all his responsibility towards the society. He had contributed so many things that are benefit to our society. In Malaysian general election at the year of 2008, the coalition of DAP-PKR-PAS later known as the Pakatan Rakyat had won 29 out of 40 state seats contested, in which DAP is the largest winning party with 19 seats, PKR 9 seats, and PAS 1. Thus, it defeated the former ruling coalition of Barisan Nasional for the authority to rule Penang for the next five years. However, Lim Guan Eng is not a resident in Penang. So, as the Secretary-General of DAP, he was nominated to be the next Chief Minister (CM) of Penang and replacing the long serving former Chief Minister Tan Sri Dr. Koh Tsu Koon. Senior DAP leaders of Penang such as Lim Hock Seng, Phee Boon Poh, and Chow Kon Yeow were bypassed and were instead appointed as excos. As the new Penang Chief Minister, Lim Guan Eng announced an amnesty on all summonses issued by the Penang Municipal Council and Seberang Perai Municipal Council which involving vendors licenses and parking offences issued before March 2008. On March 14, a rowdy group comprising mostly Umno members and supporters took to the streets illegally after Friday prayers to protest his statements on the NEP. No arrests were made but two men were taken in for questioning. Various BN-backed groups and NGOs continued to make different sorts of protest and lodge police reports as a form of continued harassment.  [3]   Besides, in year 2008 on March 19, Lim Guan Eng announced that the state exco had approved an open tender system for projects exceeding RM50,000. For projects between RM20,000 and RM50,000, a balloting system will be introduced. Furthermore, a two-week objection period would be given for both the open tender and balloting systems. This is a stark contrast to BN governments usual way of directly awarding lucrative contracts to companies without any form of open tendering, mostly to shell companies created by connected personnel or BN politicians. For example, there is a major project which is the Penang International Convention Centre (PICC) was nearly launched without open tender. As of 2010, Penang remains the only state in Malaysia that practices a blanket open tendering system.  [4]   During his tenure as Chief Minister in Penang, it has ranked top among the list of investments in Malaysia which attracting RM12.2 billion worth of total capital investments in 2010. This is also a 465% increase compared to the total investment of RM2.17 billion as of 2009. Consequently in 2011, Penang became top in manufacturing investment in Malaysia for the second consecutive year, with RM9.1 billion in total. In a new measurement indicator of total investment however, which comprises manufacturing, services and private sectors, Penang ranked second in Malaysia after Sarawak in total investments, with the total amount of RM14.038 billion, this was due to not having much primary sector investments.  [5]  Consequently, the public debt in Penang has decreased by 95% from RM630 million in 2008 to RM30 million at the end of 2011.  [6]   On April 28, 2011, Lim signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with China. This is witnessed by Chinese premier, Wen Jiabao and Malaysian Prime Minister, Najib Tun Razak on the proposal of the construction of three road and tunnel projects in Penang island. This had including a 6.5 km undersea tunnel, a third link between the island and Butterworth on the mainland. The purpose for Lim Guan Eng to do so is because this will manage to ease the traffic congestion in the area and to improve the links between the island and the mainland.  [7]   Moreover, Lim Guan Eng has launched the concept of Competency, Accountability and Transparency (CAT) in his governance. This slogan is to make sure that the state government can achieve an efficient, responsible and clean government. Other than that, the emphasis of the slogan aims to allow people in Penang in order to share the state governments prosperity when the slogan is achieved. Besides, CAT also comprises positive work ethics and inculcates a team spirit based on performance. This slogan is eventually achieved when the state government enjoys record budget surpluses in successfully attracting up to RM 12.2 billion of total capital investments and practicing an open tender system.  [8]  The reform of the government with its new policies has ended the cronyism and corruption that led to major deficits under the previous regime according to the report in international weekly newsmagazine-The Economist.  [9]   As a result, the Auditor-General praise the Penang state government as the best financially managed state in Malaysia each year from 2008 until 2010. According to the AG report, the consolidated fund has increased by 2.7%, from RM1101.89mil in 2009 to RM1,131.17mil in 2010. Likewise, the consolidated revenue fund has surged by 6.2% from RM538.95mil in 2009 to RM572.49mil in 2010.  [10]   Other than that, there is one program in the Penang state government which is named by Cleaner, Greener Penang. This program is launched by Lim Guan Eng in the year of 2010. The purpose of this program is to transform Penang into the environmentally friendliest and most livable city in Malaysia through education, enforcement and appreciation. This is to restore the current living environment into a cleaner and more sustainable city, which in turn improving the quality of life.  [11]   There are basically four objectives of Cleaner, Greener Penang. The first objective is to improve the quality of life and create a greener public realm. This is to create a sustainable and inclusive community in order to achieve a better living environment. The second objective is to raise awareness and education. This is to encourage the spirit of volunteerism and to forge a committed leadership, strong partnership active community involvement, desire for quality and innovation. The third objective is to carry out policy mapping and institutional Improvements. Lastly, the last objective is to to get the basics right. This is to have effective policies and department process maps to tackle the cleanliness issues and to raise awareness to provide a better living environment for the communities. There are also many reasons for the program of Cleaner, Greener Penang. The first reason is to envision a better living environment. Next, this program is to reposition Penang as a sustainable city. The other reason is to revitalize the urban space and streetscape. Finally, it is an initiative that brings change to the way of Penang residents lifestyle and to be the Habitat of Choice, My Penang My Pride. Due to the program of Cleaner, Greener Penang, Lim Guan Eng enforced the ban on free plastic bags throughout the state on January 1 in the year of 2010. In order to ensure of the renewal of business licenses, retail stores, food outlets and hawker stalls state-wide are required to adhere to the rulings which is the ban of free plastic bags. The proceedings from the sale of plastic bags went to the Partners against Poverty Special Fund to assist the states hardcore poor. This initiative was the first of its kind in Malaysia.  [12]   In the other hand, on December 11 of the year 2011, Lim Guan Eng initiated the Car Free Day which would be held every Sunday at particular stretches of roads in the interior city of George Town, Penang. All motorized vehicles are prohibited from entering these areas on that day, which are part of his efforts transform Penang into a sustainable city and fight climate change.  [13]   In addition, the state government is also considering a proposal to set up bicycle lanes around Penang Island, which is mainly along coastal areas and Seberang Perai, which is scheduled to complete by 2020. Lim Guan Eng wanted to promote Penang as the first state that practice cycling as a healthy form of activity and reduce dependency on motorized vehicles.  [14]   Another contribution that had been done by Lim Guan Eng to the Penang residents is the welfare aids and program. These record budget surpluses are directed towards social benefits such as financial aid to the hardcore poor, cash handouts to the elderly as anti-corruption dividend, upgrading of public housing, free Wi-Fi internet services at selected hot spots and free bus services within the city and between Penang island and Seberang Perai for workers.  [15]  Social welfare aid of RM100 is awarded annually to senior citizens, single mothers, disabled individuals, new-born babies and school-going pupils in Primary 1 to 4 as well as Form 1 to 4.  [16]   Besides, Lim Guan Eng had launched a program due to the bus service in Penang on March 1 in the year of 2011. The main purpose of this bus service is to increase the usage of public transport. In the other hand, this bus service can reduce traffic congestion during peak hours on the Penang Bridge and therefore ease the financial burden of the factory workers. One of the example is the Bridge Express Shuttle Transit which is also known as (BEST) is a free-of-charge park and ride shuttle bus services which ferries commuters across the Penang Bridge from Seberang Jaya to Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone. Other than that, there is also a SMART Centre in Penang which is an initiative set up by the Penang state government. In June 2009, during the Penang Outlook Forum, Lim Guan Eng also launched a think tank invest in Penang. The intention of this SMART Centre is to provide market intelligence, business advisory, information and resources and training services to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Penang. In assisting these SMEs, it focuses on promotion of local sourcing, investments and networking by providing various programs such as business matching, seminars and talks.  [17]   Under Pakatan Rakyats Agenda Economic Social (AES) or also called as Social Economic Agenda, The Penang state government is aiming to be the first state in Malaysia to eradicate poverty by ensuring every household in Penang has an income of at least RM770 per month. In Peninsular Malaysia, the poverty line is RM763 per month for every family. However, those families with less than RM770 monthly income will have the difference topped up by the state government every month. In other words, a family with RM600 monthly income will receive RM170 monthly under this program.  [18]   Controversy in His Political Life On September 20, 2011, Australia Broadcasting Corporation had conducted an interview with Lim Guan Eng. However, the Malaysian news agency, Bernama reported that he had criticized over disparaging remarks about security of the state of Johor.  [19]  During his speech, he said that You dont have to worry about your safety when you come to Penang. In Johor, if you are a Singaporean, you are likely to get kidnapped. Lim Guan Eng insisted he never mentioned Johor during his interview. Wong Kim Fei, who is a press secretary of Lim Guan Eng had wrote a letter to Bernama editor-in-chief Datuk Yoo Soo Heong, saying that the article that had published was false, untrue and a pack of lies. Instead, he said Lim Guan Eng had merely discussed the Malaysia Solution deal with Australia, the governments pledge to repeal the Internal Security Act (ISA) and Penang issues. Besides, he demanded that Bernama retract their story and issue a formal apology or face a lawsuit.  [20]  He also hopes th at they will continue to uphold professional journalistic standards of integrity and truthfulness by doing so again. Opinion is free but facts are sacred. After that, Lim Guan Eng has apologized to the Sultan of Johor and his subjects over the alleged disparaging remarks he made about Johor in Singapore. It is because the recording of his remark was revealed by the government controlled television channel, TV3, showing clear evidence of his proclaiming that Singaporeans who are in Johor are likely to be kidnapped. On December 14, 2011, Lim Guan Eng has won the defamation suit against Malay daily Utusan Malaysia, which has been ordered by a High Court to pay RM200,000 in damages for publishing a defamatory article about Lim Guan Eng and a cost of RM25,000 to him. Justice Varghese George Varughese, in allowing the defamation suit by Lim Guan Eng against the Malay daily, said he had examined the seven paragraphs containing the defamatory words and found that they were malicious, had intention to mislead readers and was written in bad faith. The article is entitled Kebiadapan Guan Eng (Guan Engs Arrogance) which had defamed his political career and subsequently picturing him and Democratic Action Party (DAP) as anti-Malay and anti-Muslim. The papers publication company, Utusan Melayu (M) Bhd, in its statement of defence, stated that the article was published in response to Lim Guan Engs verbal attack against the paper during his speech at the Pakatan Rakyat convention in Kepala Batas on 19 Decembe r 2010.  [21]   On June 22, 2011, Lim Guan Eng has won the second defamation suit against Utusan Malaysia, which was ordered by the Penang High Court to pay Lim Guan Eng RM200,000 in damages and RM20,000 in costs. Lim Guan Eng had claimed a March 12, 2008 article headlined Tiada Lagi DEB (No More NEP) in the Malay-language newspaper which said he would abolish the New Economic Policy was inaccurate.  [22]   Earlier in 2012, Penang state UMNO claimed that the developer of Penang World City in Bayan Mutiara made no provision for mosques, pointing out that the plot has yet to be subdivided. According to Chief Shaik Hussein Mydin, under the Town and Country Planning Act (TCPA) 1976, all land must be sub-divided according to an approved project plan before land title can be transferred to the developer. However, he said that the Penang government had failed to observe the rule in the Bayan Mutiara land deal. Lim Guan Eng responded that the developer Ivory Properties Group Bhd (IPGB) will only do the subdivision when it submits development plans for the 41.5-ha real estate to Penang Municipal Council (MPPP). In his statement, he said that the new plans and subdivision of title has not yet even been submitted, how can Umno claim that the mosque or school land has been sold or disappeared. Umno must remember that there are standard requirements for schools and places of worship including surau or mosque that are compulsory by local government or must be included in any development project. He also stressed that the people-centric state government would hold on to its fundamental principles and not let land marked for schools and places of worship to disappear. The DAP secretary-general will take legal action against Umno and Utusan Malaysia for claiming that he had sold off the mosque land, and warned Barisan Nasional (BN) from further stoking religious tension. Lim Guan Eng was willing to retire from politics if critics of the deal could prove that the land sale was not done through an open and competitive tender.  [23]   On 6 December, 2012, Lim Guan Eng wants to prove in court that he is not corrupt and doesnt take RM 40 million donations. Penang UMNO Youth Chief Shaik Hussein Mydin and Gerakan have claimed that the Chief Minister has personally received money from Kuala Lumpur International Dental Centre (KLIDC) in respect of its proposed private hospital in Penang. His special legal officer Andrew Yong said in a statement that they have made a baseless claim against the Chief Minister. Alternatively, they should prove their case in court when Lim Guan Eng sues them for their defamatory statements, which are intended to damage his public image and political career. Shaik, UMNO Youth nor Gerakan have so far shown any proof to back their baseless allegations that KLIDC offered money to the Chief Minister to help secure the tender award for the 1.1 acre piece of land in Taman Manggis to build a private hospital. In fact, it was Health Minister Liow Tiong Lai himself who announced that KLIDC has finally obtained a license to operate the private hospital in Penang. In other words, are UMNO Youth and Gerakan also implying that Liow Tiong Lai must also have received money from KLIDC? So, there is a conflict occur on their statement. Nevertheless, KLIDC was given no advantage or favors when it won the bid for the Taman Manggis land, which was offered to the public by open competitive tender. KLIDC made the highest bid of RM 232 per square foot, and the highest bid was chosen.  [24]   Changing Penang in a Changing World: Transforming Penang Penang Chief Minister Lim Guan Eng was given a speech on foreign news agencies Club in Singapore on August 12, 2011. The first main point about todays changing wo

The Lost Generation in Ernest Hemingways The Sun Also Rises :: Hemingway Sun Also Rises Essays

The Lost Generation in The Sun Also Rises The book The Sun Also Rises, by Ernest Hemingway is a perfect example of what life was like after the war. It was about unrealistic love of a young Lady Brett Ashley, and the post war adventures of Jake Barnes and his friends. "In an age of moral bankruptcy, spiritual dissolution, unrealized love, and vanishing illusion, this is the lost generation," and that is exactly what Hemmingway writes about in The Sun Also Rises. Jake Barnes lived a real casual life style. He is a writer that goes out with his buddies almost every night, and drinks. "Oh Jake", Brett said," we could have had such a damned good time together." His only true desire is a Lady Brett Ashley, he is madly in love with her but all he can do is sit back and watch her toy with the other men. Many times he has purposed his love to Brett, she loves him as well, but will not have a romantic relationship with him because her sexual desire is too great and Jake cannot have a sexual relatioship because he has no penis, it was castrated during the war. Jake was also an "aficionado" of bull fighting during one of his fiascos he and his friends and Lady Brett Ashley went to Pamplona. First Brett introduced her new fiance named Mike, a war veteran and a bankrupt drunk. Mike would later get on Robert Cohn's case for bugging Brett and acting like a stalker. Cohn and Brett had a brief fling in San Sebastian, but Cohn could not excpet that Brett had no emotional feelings for him and that love affair meant anything. Cohn doesn't realize that Brett is a permiscius lady. During that week, Jake, Mike, and Bill (Jake's Friend) relize how much they hate Cohn and they all start to antagonize him. While at the bullfights, Brett falls in love with a young "matador" named Pedro Romero, Jake helps her get involved with Romero, Cohn finds out and beats up Jake, and Romero, and then Cohn leave Spain and goes back. Brett realizes that she will only do Romero harm and asks Jake to take her away from him. It seems everytime Brett would get in trouble Jake would always come to the rescue, because he is hopelessly in love with her.

A Devoted Son Ending Rewrite

Ending Rewrite of the Devoted Son September 29th, 2012 â€Å"Papa, I have brought you a new tonic to help you feel better. You must take it; it will make you feel stronger again. Here it is. Promise you will take it regularly, Papa. † Varma’s mouth worked as hard as though he still had a gob of betel in it (his supply of betel had been cut off years ago). Then he spat out some words, as soft and sweet as roses, into his sons face. â€Å"If it will make me feel stronger, and better than for you I will my son† The Great doctor looked at his father with such relief in his eyes, finally he will try and get better with my help.He kissed his father on the forehead and then left into the house, with his wife, still waiting at the door with a cup of tea. The next morning Rakesh got up and brought his dad his morning tea, not in just any cup, but in the old man’s favorite brass tumbler. As Rakesh arrived to his father he did not look so well, so pale in the face, s o much fear in him. Rakesh put the pillows behind his father’s back so he could sit up. â€Å"Papa, how are you feeling today, you don’t look so swellâ€Å" he said with sadness in his voice. In silence, Varma took the cup of tea from his son and took a sip.He then removed the pillows from behind him so he was lying flat again, closed his eyes, and peacefully fell back to sleep. Rakesh sat there in silence knowing that it wasn’t long before his old man will pass on, from now it will only be a matter of days or even hours. Rakesh went about his day and went to work. Veena, Papa’s daughter-in law, fixed up some lunch for the old man, nothing special since Rakesh has order he had nothing fried, no butter, no oil. Veena came into the room with the stainless steel tray of food, some dry bread, boiled lentils, boiled vegetables, and some plane old boiled fish.His daughter-in law put the tray on his lap turned around, and slipped silently out of the room with a little smirk that only the old man saw, and hated. Not long after Veena was down in the kitchen when she heard this scream of pain come from Varmas room stunned and scared, she dropped the glass on the wooden floor, crashing down with such an obnoxious noise. She raced upstairs to his bedroom, to find the old man lying stretched out on his bed, scared Veena went over to the side of the bed, only to come to the old man sitting up and once again spitting out red spittle on her.So she thought it was. Veena yelled at him this is nonsense, you can’t keep spitting at me like that! But as she looked longer at old Papa she noticed it wasn’t spittle, it was blood. Papa was choking on his blood, having feeling so sorrowful that she was yelling him, Veena was panicking now, and she didn’t know what to do. She quickly picked up the phone to call Rakesh. She went to the old man trying to stop him from chocking but she couldn’t, it was to late the old man suddenly ju st fell over in bed. He was gone, Veena sat there beside the bed crying, and sobbing.When Rakesh finally arrived home Veena met him at the door, with tears in her eyes, she looked up at him and Rakesh knew his father had passed. â€Å"No†¦ No†¦ No†¦ â€Å" Rakesh yelled. `This can’t be happening! â€Å" He raced upstairs to his father, crying he was, he took his father’s hand and said I’m sorry papa, I shouldn’t have given you that tonicâ€Å". The next morning the ceremony for the old man was held, friends, family all gathered around, celebrating Varmas life. Rakesh got up went to the end of his father’s casket and bowed to his feet, just one last time.

The Life And Works Of Shakespeare Essays - William Shakespeare

The Life And Works Of Shakespeare Essays - William Shakespeare The Life And Works Of Shakespeare William Shakespeare is the world's most admired playwright and poet. He was born in April, 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, about 100 miles northwest of London. According to the records of Stratford's Holy Trinity Church, he was baptized on April 26. As with most sixteenth century births, the actual day is not recorded but people are guessing that he was born on April 23. Shakespeare's parents were John and Mary Shakespeare, who lived in Henley Street, Stratford. John, the son of Richard Shakespeare, was a maker, worker and seller of leather goods like purses, belts and gloves and a dealer in agricultural commodities. He served in Stratford government successively as a member of the Council , constable , chamberlain , alderman and finally high bailiff which is the equivalent of town mayor. About 1577 John Shakespeare's fortunes began to decline for unknown reasons. There are records of debts. William had seven siblings. He was the third child and first born son. In the sixteenth century Stratford-upon-Avon was an important agricultural center and market town. The building in Henley street known today as the birthplace of William Shakespeare was at the time of his birth, two different buildings that John Shakespeare bought at two different times. William went to school at the Stratford Grammar School. He had to show up at six or seven A.M. depending on the season and stay there most of the day, six days a week. William studied many different authors and dramatists including Caesar, Cicero, Virgil, Horace, Livy, and Ovid. Ovid was his favorite. Grammar school was the beginning of Shakespeare's career. Almost everything he mastered he learned there. After grammar school, William went to the Warwickshire Countryside. There he played parts in plays and wrote poetry. The years 1594-1599 were momentous for Shakespeare. He produced a steady stream of plays of the highest quality. He continued as a principal actor and manager in the Chamberlain's men, blessed with a stable work environment in the theater. Finally in 1599, he became part owner in the most prestigious public playhouse in London, the Globe. His first works which were heavily influenced by the classical examples he had learned as a student were The Comedy of Errors and Titus Andronicus. He invented a new genre called the history play. His early works in this genre were the three Henry VI plays, and Richard III. He got his idea for Venis and Adonis and Rape of Lucrece from his favorite author, Ovid. Over the years 1594-1599 the Chamberlain's Men had become the most popular acting company in London, being invited to perform at court far more often than any other group. Shakespeare must have done a great deal of acting. He is listed by Ben Jonson in Jonson's magnificent 1616 Folio of his Works as having acted as the chief comedian in Every Man In His Humour in 1598. The Globe Theater burned down in 1613 and many of Shakespeare's manuscripts were ruined. It was then rebuilt by a carpenter named Peter Rose. Shakespeare's last work before he retired was The Temptest. Then he died in 1616 and was then buried in the Parish Church. His death was sudden and they don't know what caused it but they think he could have lived much longer. Almost all his things went to his oldest daughter Susanne. His younger daughter Judith got 300 pounds, and his wife got all the furniture. After he died Judith married John Quiney. He cheated on her and got another girl pregnant. That baby died. Judith and John had three children together. One they named Shakespeare died as an infant. There other two, Richard and Thomas died at the ages of 21 and 19. Shakespeare was one of the greatest playwrights and poets ever. He was a big part in literature. He invented a new genre and made many plays that everybody loves. He was a great man. On his grave it says: GOOD FRIEND FOR JESUS SAKE FOR BEAR TO DIG THE DUST ENCLOSED HEAR BLESSED BE YE MAN WHO SPARES THESE STONES AND CURSED BE HE WHO MOVES MY BONES

An Overview of Genetic Engineering essays

An Overview of Genetic Engineering essays Imagine a world full of 'mini Hitlers' seeking world domination, killing millions as their solution to establish a superior race or bunch or 2 headed humans eating a pig with 6 legs. These scenarios may sound like something out a science fiction novel, but this is the kind of things that people think about when they hear the words 'genetic engineering' Genetic engineering is now an important part of this world. It is used to cure diseases, develop food that grows faster and food that's healthier. Without genetic engineering, it will not be possible to feed the 10 billion humans expected by the year 2030. Only by using this new technology can we increase food production enough so that it is possible to feed this growing world. This can be done by producing plant varieties that are more precisely adapted to local conditions. This also helps poor farmers by reducing their expenses such as pesticides. In developing worlds, there are over 100 million children with vitamin A deficiency causing huge problems such as blindness. These people eat mainly rice and rice has no vitamin A. Right now the only way they can get enough vitamin A is by costly supplements that don't reach everyone. So scientists are genetically engineering rice so that it contains vitamin A, and this rice seed could be distributed to the poorest areas of the world, a brilliant and simple idea. So how can consumers live in the developed world benefit from plant biotechnology? Using modern biotechnology scientists have already produced food with improved flavor, food that is better for health and food with better qualities. Examples of these are apples and sweet corns that are insect resistant, frost resistant strawberries, and seedless grapes. One of the main reasons why people oppose genetic engineering is that they think biotechnology is an imprecise science and so it will likely to result in unanticipated outcomes and dangerous surprises. But did you know th...

Drug profile of pharmacology ( Naloxone ) Essay

Drug profile of pharmacology ( Naloxone ) - Essay Example They also reverse the effect of the exogenous and endogenous opioid receptors by creating perceptible of opioid withdrawal in the opioid dependent patients. The common Opioid antagonists are naloxone and nalmefene and naltrexone are competitive antagonists for the opioid receptors. Naloxone is used primarily for the patients suffering from respiratory depression. 2. Naloxone – An introduction: Chemical name: â€Å"(-)-17-Allyl-4, 5a-epoxy-3, 14-dihydroxymorphinan-6-one.† (Sinatra, Jahr and Watkins-Pitchford, 2010). Generic Name: Naloxone Trade names: â€Å"Naloxone hydrochloride Injection (DBL or CSL brands), Naloxone Min-I-Jet Suboxone (in combination with Buprenorphine), Targin (in combination with oxycodone).† (Sinatra, Jahr and Watkins-Pitchford, 2010). Other Names: â€Å"L-Naloxone , N- Allylnoroxymorphone, Nalossone, Naloxona, Naloxone HCl, Naloxonum.† (Sinatra, Jahr and Watkins-Pitchford, 2010). Similar Ligands of Naloxone: Nalmefene, naltrexone, (+ ) – Naloxone, Naloxonazine, nalbuphine, naltriben and naltrindole, naloxone benzoylhydrazone, TRK820, beta – FNA, etorphine, diprenorphine, buprenorphine, nor-binalto and BNTX .(Sinatra, Jahr and Watkins-Pitchford, 2010). ... It is mainly used for managing opiate dependence syndrome and respiratory depressions caused by overdose of Opioids. The paramedic indications are: 1. Antinarcotic agents. 2. Narcotic antagonists. 3. Depressants. 4. Opiate Antagonists. 5. Reverse sedations caused by Opioids. 6. Respiratory depressants in neonatal care. 3. Mechanism of Action: Naloxone reverses the effect of the opioid overdose. Naloxone competitively binds to the opioid receptors and replaces the opioid molecules. By doing so, it reverses the effect of the agonists such as heroin. Naloxone is competitive antagonists at the mu, kappa and delta receptors. They have 10 fold greater affinity for the mu receptors. (Harvey and Champe 2008). Naloxone does not have any effect on the normal individuals but they precipitate the withdrawal symptoms at the abuse users. Animal studies have suggested that Naloxone inhibits GABA release and stimulates the cholinergic activity. Similarly they do not reverse the effects of ethanol. N aloxone first increases the local blood flow. (Harvey and Champe 2008). Then the drug crosses the cellular membrane and increases the cellular metabolism. Finally it aids in cell repair. Fig 2: competition of Naloxone with the opioid agonists. (Harvey and Champe 2008). Pharmacology: Naloxone is a pure competitive antagonist for the mu receptors. Mu receptors are responsible for miosis, euphoria, feeding, sedation and respiratory depression. Naloxone binds to the competitive receptors such that their antagonists or partial antagonists or mixed agonist- antagonist binding without any independent action. (Flomenbaum et al. 2006). The pharmacokinetics of naloxone differs from the other antagonists. Some studies have also found that extreme low doses of naloxone (0.25 micrograms per

Film 152G Contemporary american cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Film 152G Contemporary american cinema - Essay Example Scott had chosen that camera position to feature Ms Weaver's derriere because, after all, Ripley had been throughout much of the movie its protagonist and most resourceful character - assuming in the story a role usually portrayed by a man - and the director's (or editor's) selection of this 'take' was intended to reveal a softer, more feminine aspect of her. If that were so, however, it's valid to ask why and how showing the 'crack in that ass' above the panty-line would feminize Ripley. with the advent of Sexual Liberation, women's roles in films became more complex and less 'sexist' than in the Hollywood movies of the 1930s and 40s. What has happened, in fact, is much the opposite. In films such as Taxi Driver, Pulp Fiction and Sex, Lies and Videotape, contemporary Hollywood depicts women in ways more stereotypic, less independent and unique, than it did in that so-called Classic era of American movies. Released by Paramount in 1941, Sullivan's Travels defies neat categorization. With its mixture of drama, sentiment and comedy, it could be considered 'black humor,' a trademark of its writer/director, Preston Sturges. One of the film's more remarkable aspects is its depiction of 'The Girl' played by Veronica Lake. Though she is given no name, The Girl is attractive and sexual, but she is more than the sum of those attributes. While Lake's trademark blond tresses frame her face alluringly, she is never an object of stereotypic sexuality. Her character has validity in the sense that she is herself; though an out of work actress, she does not play the sex card with the well-known director, Sullivan. To the contrary, throughout the story she contradicts and bullies him while also sharing his 'travels' as an equal. When they first meet in the diner and Sullivan has no money on him, The Girl, though out of work and her apartment, offers to buy him breakfast. Sullivan refuses and Lake says, "Don't be a sucker. (to the counterman) Give him some ham and eggs." After she and the director jump from a moving train and she lands on top of him, The Girl asks, "Did I hurt ya any" But it is more taunt than clichd, submissive concern (Sullivan's response is worth quoting: "Well, you didn't do me any good.").Sullivan may be a successful director but it is The Girl who is more tenacious of life and the stronger character. She dominates their scenes together the way Rosalind Russell as Hildy Parks did Cary Grant in His Girl Friday, or as Kate Hepburn and Bette Davis dominated - or were equal to - their co-stars in just about any film they made. Even Mae West (sex incarnate) portrayed gutsy, self-secure and unique women; indeed, she gloried in her over-ripe sexuality with relentless and less-than-subtle double entendres. It is well-known that Olivia deHavilland groused about her insipid roles opposite Errol Flynn for Warner Bros., but she proved a

The Impact of Skiing and Tourism on Mountain Environments Essay

The Impact of Skiing and Tourism on Mountain Environments - Essay Example According to ecologists, the enormous increase in skiing since the 1970s has had several effects on mountain water levels of lakes as well as streams; harmed mountain wildlife by the destruction of surroundings, noise and contamination as well as disturbing yearly weather conditions. Winter is a significant source of earnings and the activities such as skiing; snowboarding, hiking and ice climbing rely greatly on snow. Nonetheless, very few people ever actually stop to think about the impact the activity on the mountain as well as its eco-system. For instance, â€Å"orange peel requires more or less two years to break down, butts of cigarette will stay on the hillside for more or less 5 years before the atmosphere breaks them down, when skiing through trees, and one can harm them by knocking off branches as well as killing little shoots beneath† (ETUP, pp. 65-77, 2000). ...h 22' condition as the number of people visiting the resort rises, which in response, generates pressure to develop transport connections to these places and thus, the cycle goes on. The indirect cost of the rise in human wealth and delight is to the detriments of the mountain and its associated environmental situations. Mountains are very receptive to severe alterations that human beings are presently inflicting on them. The recurring harm, as well as environmental changes that people impose on the mountains, is hard to repair. It will not take a year or two for things to get back to normal (Beniston, pp. 46-57, 1994). Human created environmental harm, which results in unpredictable climate changing patterns, with forecasts together with more rain as well as melting glaciers that will result in attrition and overflows on large scale. Poor snow records, diminishing glaciers and unusual weather patterns are few of the implications of these alterations for the alpine in recent years (Clifford, p. 33, 2003) High temperatures noticed in the summer of 2002 caused a few of the European glaci ers to move away by more or less 10 percent creating doubt between some weather experts that in fifty years glaciers could possibly melt away. Since stress rises on the ski businesses to construct higher into the mountains to get to snow consistent regions, receptive high mountainous surroundings influenced eventually. The rise in universal temperatures will have a severe implication for a lot of ski resorts situated at lower altitudes. It is not just as easy as going higher to acquire extra snow.

Recycling Computers :: Recycle Reuse Reduce

Recycling Computers (this paper includes survey and results) In order to keep up with technology, computers must be replaced every few years. Most people simply throw away their old computers and other electrical parts because they are unaware of the environmental problem arising everyday from the careless disposal of electronics. In order to prevent the destruction of the environment people must be educated in two areas; what is in the computer itself that makes it harmful to the environment, and what are the steps in disposing of technology properly. The first step in prevention is through education. The purpose of this document is to educate the consumer on this importance of this issue and what steps they can take personally to help prevent the problem in the future. Today, there is more than two million tons of electronic waste consuming space in the United States’ landfills. Most people however, do not see this as a problem. What most consumers do not know is that computers and electrical components contain toxic materials such as lead, calcium, and mercury that are leaching into our countries landfills. For example, a computer monitor itself may contain up to eight pounds of lead. When twenty students were surveyed on toxins found inside a computer, it was observed that the majority knew there were toxins inside. However, thirty-three percent did not know. When asked what specific toxins can be found inside, the majority of the students were correct with their responses of all three toxins. Did you know that there are hazardous materials in computers? No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Which ones specifically? Mercury Calcium Lead All Three Mercury Lead All Three Mercury All Three Mercury All Three All Three All Three The more important issue that must be addressed is if people are aware of the fact that they can actually recycle their own old computers. The majority of people are unaware of the fact that computers are in fact recyclable in their entirety. Most old computers end up collecting dust simply because they are outdated and better technology is available. When twenty students were surveyed on whether or not they knew computers were recyclable, seventy percent answered that they did not think computers were able to be recycled. The following chart shows the results. Were you aware that computers are recyclable? No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No No No No No No There are multiple organizations that are set up strictly to help people find electronic recycling information and choose the best method of disposal that is appropriate to their specific needs.

Fin300 Midterm

Ryerson University CFIN300 Midterm Exam Fall 2007 There are 2. 0 hours in this exam. Version A Student Name____________________________ (Please Print) Student Number_________________________________ Notes: 1. This is a closed book exam. You may only have pens, pencils and a calculator at your desk. 2. A formula sheet is attached to the end of the exam. You may detach the formula sheet from the exam. Please fill out the scanner sheet as you go along in the exam. You will not be given extra time at the end of the exam to fill it out. 3.Select the best possible answer for each multiple-choice question 4. Each of the 30 MC questions is worth 1 mark Marks: Available Total 30_________ There are 14 pages in this exam. |2. |Poor Dog, Inc. borrowed $135,000 from the bank today. They must repay this money over the next six years by making monthly | | |payments of $2,215. 10. What is the interest rate on the loan? Express your answer with annual compounding. | |A) |5. 98% | |B) |6. 63% | |C) |4 . 1% | |D) |5. 65% | |E) |5. 80% | |3. |How much would you pay for a security that pays you $500 every 4 months for the next 10 years if you require a return of 8% per | | |year compounded monthly? | |A) |$11,228. 48 | |B) |$15,000. 00 | |C) |$10,260. 0 | |D) |$13,724. 90 | |E) |$10,200. 23 | |4. |You can earn 5% per year compounded annually for the next 4 years, followed by 8% per year compounded quarterly for 5 years. | | |What is the average annual compounded rate of return over the 9 year period? Express your answer with monthly compounding. | |A) | | |B) |6. 2% | |C) |6. 97% | |D) |6. 43% | |E) |6. 59% | |5. |You have just purchased a house for $540,000 with a $200,000 down payment. You are going to get a mortgage at the TF bank for | | |the balance. TF is charging a rate of 5. 8% per year compounded semi-annually on 5 year term mortgages.You want to make weekly| | |payments amortized over 20 years. What is your weekly payment? | |A) |$877. 60 | |B) |$549. 01 | |C) |$545. 47 | |D) | | |E) |$871. 92 | |6. |Master Meter is planning on constructing a new $20 million facility. The company plans to pay 20% of the cost in cash and | | |finance the balance.How much will each monthly loan payment be if they can borrow the necessary funds for 30 years at 9% per | | |year compounded semi-annually? | |A) |$128,740 | |B) |$158,567 | |C) |$160,925 | |D) |$141,982 | |E) |$126,853 | 7. |Gerry Industries has some 8% (per year compounded semi-annually) coupon bonds on the market that are selling at $989, pay | | |interest semi-annually, and mature in fifteen years. The company would like to issue $1 million in new fifteen-year bonds. What | | |coupon rate should be applied to the new bonds if Gerry Industries wants to sell them at par? Express your answer with | | |semi-annual compounding. | |A) |8. 00% | |B) |8. 3% | |C) |7. 87% | |D) |8. 13% | |E) |8. 26% | |8. |You have decided to save $30 a week for the next three years as an emergency fund. You can earn 3. 5 % per year compounded | | |weekly. How much would you have to deposit in one lump sum today to have the same amount in your savings at the end of three | | |years? |A) |$4,441. 26 | |B) |$4,382. 74 | |C) |$4,288. 87 | |D) |$4,305. 19 | |E) |$4,414. 14 | |9. |A credit card company charges you an interest rate of 1. 25% per month.The annual percentage rate is ____ and the effective | | |annual rate is _______. | |A) |15. 00%; 16. 08% | |B) |16. 08%; 15. 00% | |C) |15. 00%; 15. 00% | |D) |15. 00%; 14. 55% | |E) |14. 55%; 15. 00% | |10. The Friendly Bank wants to earn an effective annual rate of 9% on its auto loans. If interest is compounded monthly, what APR | | |must they charge? | |A) |8. 65% | |B) |9. 17% | |C) |8. 58% | |D) |9. 38% | |E) |8. 44% | Use the following to answer question 11: |Rondolo, Inc. |2006 Income Statement | |Net Sales |$12,800 | |Less: Cost of Goods Sold |10,400 | |Less: Depreciation |680 | |Earnings Before Interest and Taxes |1,720 | |Less: Interest Pa id |280 | |Taxable Income |$1,440 | |Less: Taxes |500 | |Net Income |$940 | | Dividends |$423 | | Additions to retained earnings |$517 | |Rondolo, Inc. |2006 Balance Sheet | |Cash | |$520 | |Accounts payable | |$1,810 | |Accounts rec | |1,080 | |Long-term debt | |3,600 | |Inventory | |3,120 | |Common stock | |5,000 | |Total | |$4,720 | |Retained earnings | |1,790 | |Net fixed assets | |7,480 | | | | | |Total assets | |$12,200 | |Total liabilities & equity | |$12,200 | | | | | | | | | |11. |Rondolo, Inc. is currently operating at maximum capacity. All costs, assets, and current liabilities vary directly with sales. | | |The tax rate and the dividend payout ratio will remain constant.How much additional debt is required if no new equity is raised| | |and sales are projected to increase by 4 percent? | |A) |-$122. 08 | |B) |$598. 75 | |C) |$416. 00 | |D) |-$562. 50 | |E) |$318. 01 | |12. |Your brother-in-law borrowed $2,000 from you four years ago and then disappeared. Yesterday he returned and expressed a desire | | |to pay back the loan, including the interest accrued.Assuming that you had agreed to charge him 10% per year compounded | | |annually, and assuming that he wishes to make five equal annual payments beginning in one year, how much would your | | |brother-in-law have to pay you annually in order to pay off the debt? (Assume that the loan continues to accrue interest at 10% | | |per year. ) | |A) |$738. 63 | |B) |$798. 24 | |C) |$772. 45 | |D) |$697. 43 | |E) |$751. 46 | |13. |What information to you need to find the 3 year forward rate starting 2 years from now? |A) |2 and 5 year zero coupon spot rates | |B) |3-year zero coupon spot rate | |C) |2 and 3 year zero coupon spot rates | |D) |5 year zero coupon spot rate | |E) |3 and 5 year zero coupon spot rates | |14. |You have been making payments for the last 25 years and have finally paid off your mortgage.Your original mortgage was for | | |$345,000 and the interest rate was 5% per year comp ounded semi-annually for the entire 25 year period. How much interest have | | |you paid over the last 5 years of the mortgage? | |A) | | |B) |$120,392. 23 | |C) |$13,931. 87 | |D) |$80,743. 13 | |E) |$106,460. 37 | |15. |Which of the following is (are) sources of cash? | | | | | |I. | |an increase in accounts receivable | | | | | |II. | | |a decrease in common stock | | | | | |III. | | |an increase in long-term debt | | | | | |IV. | |a decrease in accounts payable | | | | |A) |I, II, and IV only | |B) |II and IV only | |C) |I only | |D) |III only | |E) |I and III only | |16. Financial planning allows firms to: | | | | | |I. | | |avoid future losses. | | | | | |II. | | |develop contingency plans. | | | | | |III. | | |ascertain expected financing needs. | | | | | |IV. | | |explore and evaluate various options. | | | |A) |I, II, III, and IV | |B) |I and IV only | |C) |III and IV only | |D) |II and III only | |E) |II, III, and IV only | Use the following to answer q uestion 17: |Current |$100 | |Assets | | |A) |$52. 00 | |B) |$22. 50 | |C) |$0. 00 | |D) |$4. 50 | |E) |$29. 50 | |18. |A new security will pay an initial cash flow of $100 in 1 year. Thereafter it will pay cash flows every month for the rest of | | |time.The cash flows will grow at 3% per year compounded monthly forever. If you require a return of 6% per year compounded | | |monthly, how much would you be willing to pay for this security? | |A) |$18,932. 30 | |B) |$40,000. 00 | |C) |$37,864. 59 | |D) |$33,333. 33 | |E) |$20,000. 00 | |19. |Which one of the following actions is the best example of an agency problem? |A) |Basing management bonuses on the attainment of specific financial goals | |B) |Requiring stockholders approval of all management compensation decisions | |C) |Paying management bonuses based on the current market value of the firm's stock | |D) |Paying management bonuses based on the number of store locations opened during the year | |E) |Accepting a project th at enhances both management salaries and the market value of the firm's stock | |20. |The bonds of Frank's Welding, Inc. pay an 8% annual coupon, have a 7. 98% (per year compounded annually) yield to maturity and | | |have a face value of $1,000. The current rate of inflation is 2. 5% per year compounded annually.What is the real rate of return| | |on these bonds? | |A) |5. 42 percent | |B) |5. 48 percent | |C) |5. 35 percent | |D) |5. 37 percent | |E) |5. 32 percent | |21. |What is the future value of the following cash flows at the end of year 3 if the interest rate is 6% per year compounded | | |annually? The cash flows occur at the end of each year. | | | | |Year 1 | | |Year 2 | | |Year 3 | | | | | |$5,180 | | |$9,600 | | |$2,250 | | | | |A) |$19,341. 02 | |B) |$15,916. 8 | |C) |$19,608. 07 | |D) |$18,246. 25 | |E) |$18,109. 08 | |22. |The I. C. James Co. invested $10,000 six years ago at 5% per year simple interest. The I. M. Smart Co. invested $10,000 six years | | |a go at 5% per year compounded annually. Which one of the following statements is true concerning these two investments? | | | | | |I. | | |The I. C.James Co. has an account value of $13,400. 96 today. | | | | | |II. | | |The I. C. James Co. will have an account value of $13,400. 96 six years from now. | | | | | |III. | | |The I. M Smart Co. will earn $525 interest in the second year. | | | | | |IV. | | |Both the I. C. James Co. and the I. M. Smart Co. will earn $500 interest in the first year. | | | |A) |II, III and IV only | |B) |II and IV only | |C) |I and III only | |D) |III and IV only | |E) |I, III and IV only | |23. |The bonds of Microhard, Inc. carry a 10% annual coupon, have a $1,000 face value, and mature in four years. Bonds of equivalent| | |risk yield 15% (per year compounded annually). Microhard is having cash flow problems and has asked its bondholders to accept | | |the following deal: The firm would like to make the next three coupon payments at half the schedu led amount, and make the final | | |coupon payment be $251.If this plan is implemented, the market price of the bond will (rise/fall) to ___________. (Continue to| | |assume a 15% required return. ) | |A) |$892. 51 | |B) |$865. 45 | |C) |$829. 42 | |D) |$808. 89 | |E) |$851. 25 | |24. Your older sister deposited $5,000 today at 8% per year compounded annually for five years. You would like to have just as much | | |money at the end of the next five years as your sister. However, you can only earn 6% per year compounded annually. How much | | |more money must you deposit today than your sister if you are to have the same amount at the end of five years? | |A) |$367. 32 | |B) |$399. 05 | |C) |$489. 84 | |D) |$201. 0 | |E) |$423. 81 | |25. |Net income differs from operating cash flow due to the handling of: | |A) |Interest expense and depreciation. | |B) |Depreciation and dividends. | |C) |Dividends and non-interest expense. | |D) |Dividends and interest expense. | |E) |Dividends, interest expense, and depreciation. | |26. |Shirley adds $1,000 to her savings on the last day of each month. Shawn adds $1,000 to his savings on the first day of each | | |month.They both earn an 8% per year compounded quarterly rate of return. What is the difference in their savings account | | |balances at the end of 35 years? | |A) |$13,923. 34 | |B) |$15,794. 64 | |C) |$16,776. 34 | |D) |$14,996. 47 | |E) |$12,846. 88 | Use the following to answer questions 27-30: |KLM, Inc. |2006 Income Statement | |Net sales |$3,685 | |Cost of goods sold |$3,180 | |Depreciation |$104 | |Earnings before interest and taxes |$401 | |Interest paid |$25 | |Taxable income |$376 | |Taxes |$128 | |Net income |$248 | |Dividends paid |$60 | |Addition to retained earnings |$188 | | | |KLM Corporation | |Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2005 and 2006 | | | | |2005 |2006 | |2005 |2006 | |Cash |$520 |$601 |Accounts payable |$621 |$704 | |Accounts rec. $235 |$219 |Notes payable |$333 |$272 | |Inv entory |$964 |$799 |Current liabilities |$954 |$976 | |Current assets |$1,719 |$1,619 |Long-term debt |$350 |$60 | |Net fixed assets |$890 |$930 |Common stock |$800 |$820 | | | | |Retained earnings |$505 |$693 | |Total assets |$2,609 |$2,549 |Total liabilities and Owner's equity |$2,609 |$2,549 | |27. |What is the net capital spending for 2006? | |A) |$208 | |B) |$144 | |C) |-$144 | |D) |$64 | |E) |-$64 | |28. |What is the cash flow from assets for 2006? |A) |$1,307 | |B) |$2,259 | |C) |$355 | |D) |$2,503 | |E) |$111 | |29. |What is the operating cash flow for 2006? | |A) |$480 | |B) |$169 | |C) |$425 | |D) |$272 | |E) |$377 | |30. |What is the change in net working capital for 2006? |A) |$122 | |B) |$643 | |C) |$765 | |D) |-$643 | |E) |-$122 | |31. |A number of years ago you bought some land for $100,000. Today it is worth $225,000. If the land has been rising is price by | | |5% per year compounded annually, how long have you owned the land? | |A) |14. 1 years | |B) |16. years | |C) |Can't be determined with the given information | |D) |13. 8 years | |E) |12. 4 years | |FV = PV (1+tr) |[pic] | |FV = PV (1+r)t |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |Total Dollar Return (TDR) = Dividend Income + Capital Gain (Loss) | | | | | |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |Variance of returns [pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |Arbitrage Pricing Theory |PV of CCA tax shield [pic] | |[pic] | | |Current Ratio |= |Current Assets | |Total Asset |= |Sales | | | |Current Liabilities | |Turnover | |Total Assets | | | | | | | | | |Quick Ratio |= |Current Assets – Inventory | |ROA |= |Net Income | | |Current Liabilities | | | |Total Assets | | | | | | | | | |Inventory Turnover |= |COGS | |ROE |= |Net Income | | | |Inventory | | | |Total Equity | | | | | | | | | |Cash Ratio |= |Cash | |P/E Ratio |= |Price/common share | | | |Current Liabilities | | | |E PS | | | | | | | | | |Receivables |= |Sales | |Dividend Payout |= |DPS | |Turnover | |Accounts Receivable | |Ratio | |EPS | | | | | | | | | |D/E Ratio |= |Total Debt | |Dividend Payout |= |Cash Dividends | | | |Total Equity | |Ratio | |Net Income | | | | | | | | | |Total Debt Ratio |= |Total Debt | |Market to Book | |Price / Common share | | | |Total Assets | |Ratio |= |Book value of equity | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Equity multiplier |= |Total Assets | |Profit |= |Net Income | | | |Total Equity |Margin | |Sales | | | | | | | | | |Net Working |= |Net Working Capital | |Interval Measure |= |Current Assets | |Capital-Total Asset | |Total Assets | | | |Average Daily Operating Costs | | | | | | | | | |Long Term Debt |= |Long Term Debt | |Cash Coverage |= |EBIT + Depreciation | |Ratio | |Total Equity + LT Debt | |Ratio | |Interest | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Days’ Sales in |= |365 Days | |Days’ Sales in |= |365 Days | |Receivables | |Receivables Turnover | |Inv entory | |Inventory Turnover | | | | | | | | | |Internal Growth |= |ROA x R | |‘Sustainable |= |ROE x R | |Rate | |1 – ROA x R | |Growth Rate | |1 – ROE x R | | | | | | | | | | | | | |‘Sustainable |= |p(S/A)(1+D/E) x R | | | | | |Growth Rate | |1 – p(S/A)(1+D/E) x R | | | | | | | | | |NWC |= |Sales | |Fixed Asset |= |Sales | |Turnover | |NWC | |Turnover | |Net Fixed Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Times Interest |= |EBIT | |CF from Assets = | | | | | |Operating CF – Cap Ex – Additions to NWC | | | | | | | | | | | |Operating CF = EBIT + Deprec – Tax | | | | | |=Sales – Costs – Taxes | | | | | |= (Sales – Costs) x (1 – Tc) + Deprec x Tc | | | | | | | | | | | |Cap Ex = End Gross FA – Beg Gross FA | | | | | |Cap Ex = End Net FA – Beg Net FA + Deprec | | | | | | | | | | |Add to NWC = End NWC – Beg NWC | | | | | | | | | | | |CF to Debtholders = Interest – Net New Debt | | | | | | | | | | | |CF to Shareholders = Divs – Net New Equity | | | | | | | | | | | |CF from Assets = CF to Debtholders + CF to | | | | | |Shareholders | |Earned | |Interest Charges | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Answer Key |2. |E | |3. |E | |4. |E | |5. B | |6. |E | |7. |D | |8. |A | |9. |A | |10. |A | |11. |A | |12. |C | |13. |A | |14. C | |15. |D | |16. |E | |17. |E | |18. |C | |19. |D | |20. |C | |21. |D | |22. D | |23. |C | |24. |C | |25. |A | |26. |D | |27. |B | |28. |C | |29. |E | |30. |E | |31. |B |