Rape in women study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rape in women study - raise ExampleFor example, in primeval times the decrees of society were written and imposed just by men. This resulted in laws that were unfair and that did little to put a damper on men from raping women. Even though the democracy has witnessed the rates of crime plummet in current years, impair prolongs to be a key get in America. In accordance with Annette article, Rates of Crime Are Down... However, What About Rape? in the Ms. Magazine, an approximated 15 percent of women are molested or raped at some stage in their lives (Jack 546). At the alike(p) time, big cities for instance Boston, Detroit, Dallas, Los Angeles, Houston, and New York have witnessed the rates of crimes that are violent for example, murder, theft, and provoked physical flaming plummet, however, rape has not been so providential.In the majority of these cities, where cases of rape have been reported have decreased only by a few proportion points, while in several of these cities, rep orted cases of rape have in fact augmented. Rape is a pandemic that is gradually infecting our whole nation, and except a few radical actions are taken without delay, this plague may never be alleviated. If we are truthfully concerned in having our homeland purified of this infection, we ought to start by removing from our minds the concept that rape happens just amid the underprivileged (Jackson 8).On the contrary, what surprises me is the manner in which these rapists go free or are given short sentences. This is because the government has neglect this issue by lack of instilling laws that are stern with regards to rape cases (Wood & Eagly 699). Again, the ministry of health ought to be unguarded by training its staff members on collecting the rape kits appropriately. Additionally, the crime labs ought to be fully equipped. depicted object is the lab report. The report ought to affirm what examples were assessed, what sort of DNA test was carried out, and which models could (an d could

M6A2 Leadership and Ethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

M6A2 attractership and Ethics - Assignment ExampleImplementation Plan The off manage printing step of the implementation plan would complicate the depiction of the respectable issues related to the company (i.e. Tesco). One of the tip ethical issues that the company is facing is regarding coming up with misleading advertisement. It has been observed from the previously conducted analysis that the company showed price cuts for its certain products but in reality they had intended to increase their sales with the reduction of price of disliked products and increase in price of the accepted items. This is also considered as one(a) of the ethical issues of the company. It has been further recognized that in order to deal with such issues proper lead focussing would be quite vital. A leader is a person who would be held responsible for the entire implementation of the group (Northouse, 2010). Thus, it is vital that a company should have leaders with appropriate characteristics so that they dismiss time lag varying as well as unpredictable situations with utmost effectiveness. In this regard, it has been noticed that transformational style of lead model would be quite appropriate. It has been learnt that this type of leader would enhance motivation and morale of the employees. These would further include enhancing a sense of identity and responsibility of the employees so that they can work effectively by safekeeping in consideration the ethical aspects (Simic, 1998). The first step a leader should follow with regard to figure out any ethical dilemma would be to analyze the concerned issue of the company from different perspectives. He/she first needs to understand about who would be affected the most by such ethical issues. It can be said that the issue mentioned above is immoral as well as illegal. Leader would have to take the responsibility or the accountability of the entire situation. It can easily depict that the full issue generally take plac e mainly because it is overlooked when it was actually taking place. The leader has a big role to play with regard to tackling these issues. He/she would have to instruct the employees of the company about how these issues could impose on _or_ oppress the reputation of the company in the long run. It also needs to be discussed by the leader that customers be the sole reason for the success of any business. Hence, it is highly unethical to mislead or cheat customers with such advertisements as they are the biggest asset of the company (McLeod, 2007). He/she would also need to form a set of ethical code of conducts and encourage all the employees to follow the same. These the issues could be resolved by the leader with transformational leadership characteristics. Contingency Plan The contingency plan could be considered as a substitute of the implementation plan. This would be implemented if the first plan fails to create an impact. In this plan, a leader with strict personality wou ld be taken into consideration. In this regard, an autocratic leader can be considered to take the lead. He/she would need to be quite severe in their conduct. The leader should aim to complete a particular task in general through negative motivation. He/she would also need to maintain a close supervision on the ethical conducts of the employees. High Penalties would be imposed on employees who are caught following any unethical practices that can ultimately harm the reputation of the organization. This approach could be considered negative but it is mostly observed to be effective (Daft, 2008).

Assignment 1 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

As brandment 1 - Case Study Example20) whereas extroverts are known for their passion to become oriented externally with other muckle (Fox, 2010, p. 229). Since people in general send away be introverts, in that location is nothing wrong with having few friends because this can be a personal choice. However, the fact that people tend to walk away each time she enters a group is a clear sign that Peggy does not have a good societal well-being.person, it simply means that Kathy has an introvert-type of personality. The fact that she is well care and that other people are asking her for some advice only means she has a good social life. With regards to her physical health, the fact that she undergoes physical training strongly suggests that that she is physically healthy.The only exercise that Mary has is her chance(a) walks and performing her daily activities. Avoiding TV at night and staying active during the day time is good. In fact, there is nothing wrong with daily walks. T o stay physically healthy, Bragg and Bragg (2003, p. 82) mentioned that each person should have their daily walks of 2 to 3 miles each day. However, the fact that Mary avoids wasting time at the gym or remunerative money for special health classes can be a sign of poor physical health.Undergoing a rigorous exercise program each week is necessary to make Mary sweat and envision that her heart is in good condition (Bragg and Bragg, 2003, p. 82). The fact that Mary chose not to exert an effort in losing weight or to be more physically fit may eventually put her at risk of having a poor physical condition.Mary is also known for being a perfectionist. Basically, perfectionism is defined as behaviour that exceeds what is required of a situation (Cockerill, 2002, p. 78). For this reason, Mary is prone to feel dissatisfied with anything that she can achieve in class. As one of the brightest student in class, Mary was able to get dependable As in Biochemistry. In case she gets B in Bioch emistry, Mary can be at risk of feeling depressed.

Piece Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Piece - Essay ExampleAlthough there are early(a) minor scale symphonies attri merelyed to Mozarts name but there are doubts as to authenticity. However, music upshot twoscore and Symphony chip Twenty Five are minor scale symphonies both authentically attributed to Mozart (Zaslaw). This paper will look Mozarts biography, his Symphony Number Forty in terms of its historical context and its description in order to bring out the nuances in this gigantic musical piece. Mozarts Life and Times It would non be unjustified to term Mozart as one of the chief canons of Western classical music. Mozart hailed from a bound when Europe was teeming with musical activity. Mozart was aided in his musical endeavours at an untimely age by his family background. Wolfgang Mozarts father, Leopold Mozart was a practising musician and was quick to realise his sons talents early on. Mozart was encouraged to commence up music at a very early age and was able to compose as early as five years old. Th e earliest demonstrations by Mozart were based on the violin and the diffuse and this left quite a strong impression on the maturing Mozart later. The early works of Mozart tend to outflank around the violin and the piano in large part especially his concertos. ... Mozart moved into the Austrian detonator and was soon on his way to fame although Mozarts financial troubles were far from over. The prolific character and the quality of Mozarts work were able to project him into the limelight in Vienna and around. However, forbidding circumstances such as the Austro Turk war from the same era proved to be a drain on the fiscal resources of Mozarts patrons. Consequently, Mozart found himself in fiscal trouble for some time. Eventually, Mozarts circumstances began to recover but the great composer was soon claimed by a mysterious illness. Wolfgang Mozart died in 1791 at age thirty five. Mozarts faulty remnant has been the subject of much speculation over the years and near people co nsider his early death a setback to Western classical music (Robbins). History of Symphony Number Forty The origin of Symphony Number Forty has been traced to Mozart with authentication. The symphony was noted down by Mozart in his individualised notebook on July the 25th, 1788. It must be noted that Symphony Number Forty hails from one of the most prolific periods in Mozarts life. The period in which this symphony was created consisted of only a few weeks but works from this period by Mozart are hailed as masterpieces in their own right (Deutsch). Symphony Number Forty has come under debate for Mozarts personal viewership. It has been argued that Mozart was never able to hear his Symphony Number Forty performed during his lifetime. The time between the composition of Symphony Number Forty and Mozarts death is brief so it is argued that Mozart died before any large performances of Symphony Number Forty. However, there are other commentators who reason that Mozart was party to Symph ony

The Supreme Court has held that the selection guidelines in the Case Study

The arrogant homage has held that the endurance guidelines in the federal governments Uniform Guidelines on Employee selection Procedures also apply to public presentation measurement - caseful Study ExampleDana accused Mr. McGrory of discrimination on the tooshie of gender and sexual orientation. The Supreme Court found McGrory guilty for failing to cooperate with the attorney when he was required to provide a performance appraisal plan. Further, the court dismissed his appeal for wrongful dismissal and termed his claims unfounded.Performance management in the US is important in the employment sector as it provides the basis for employee evaluation. The employees are obliged to perform to the measuring rods of the memorial tablet if they have to reserve their jobs. Performance management requires transparent guidelines on the measures of employee performance within an organization. As Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, & Wright (2011, p. 249) detail out, the Supreme Court has held t hat the selection guidelines in the federal governments Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures also apply to performance measurement. The idea of the Supreme Court is to ensure that performance management is conducted ethically to avoid issues of discrimination or wrongful dismissal of employees. The human resources must define a standard criterion for measuring performance within its organization to ensure that work assessment is conducted in a transparent manner.In the case above, the court found McGrory guilty of misconduct for his failure to provide a clear basis for regarding Dana as an efficient employee. When questioned by the court, he failed to provide a clear basis for performance management which he used as a reference in measuring the employees performance. An unethical issue that emerged in this case is that the McGrory used other employees to assess the performance of Dana, which is against the guidelines provided by the Supreme Court (Lewis, 2013). Accord ing to the Supreme Court, employees should be assessed using the same selection guidelines that an organization uses. Therefore, it was probable that the employee sound off against Danas performance may have

Cases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cases - bear witness ExampleTeleconferences are held for teaching the staff that facilitates the employees to increase their selling activities. E Bay shares a massive data of suppliers and customers on the site globosely. As the information technology industry tends to modify itself due to expert developments, e Bay has successfully coped up by integrating technological advances. The differentiation factor is make necessary to put up a massive potential as it contains research and development. In magnitude to cope up with the future development of e Bays strategic capabilities, the development of standards, computer software and protocols is required. Moreover, the development of strategic alliance is also all-important(a). E-bay must dominate the technological advances and maintain current competencies as well as construct new ones. The hiring procedure must train and grant rewards for the best staff. 2 Case 2 The western countries associated with the beer brewing industry a re languishing as compared to the East, where the brewing industry is quickly increase. As Europe has the largest demand for the brewing industry as well as figures of largest beer consumption per person. The figures for global beer convergenceion for the market are approx 2.5 million tons per year. As the beer industry and wine industry is increasing its revenues, the spirit industry is dilapidated. From the year 1993 to 1999, the figures for beer production has raised by 12 %. Moreover, the high beer consumption countries in Europe are Czechoslovakia, Ireland and Germany. However, there is a trend for developing flavored beers. These flavored drinks are popular among the teenage separate as they consume flavored alcoholic soft drinks. Moreover, trends in the context of environmental issues consist of government involution for beers come in bottles as government charge for cans. Furthermore, government is also trying to eliminate minor(ip) drinking that may cause violence. In addition, there are trends in terms of mergers of corporate organizations. For instance, GroIsh, Heineken, Interbrew, economical and Newcastle Interbrew should launch product development because the people are becoming more health conscious. A product launch named as a low calorie beer will be a good election for the consumers. Heineken can expand the variety of flavored beers and low calorie beers in order to compete in an foreign market. They can induce the attention of young generations by merging with Pepsi or coca cola. In this way, both companies can boost their sales, as the strength of purchasing power will make an impact on a single brand with two manufacturers. Heineken can also participate in sports events by sponsoring athletes to gain exposure to the public. GroIsh have to advance their manufacturing process and equipments. Moreover, they must stop the methods for outsourcing in order to eliminate follow to improve the distribution and transportation processes. Sco ttish and Newcastle mush emphasize to deliver improved quality on the brand along with the inclusion of ingredients and advantages. They can spend on research and development for distribution and technology. 3 Case 3 The Virgin group is constructed on various mixtures of credit linees. It has involved itself in every business i.e. around 00 businesses. The founder of Virgin was Sir Richard Branson who started it in 1970. The Virgin brand name was considered as the most essential

Conrad's Heart of Darkness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Conrads Heart of Darkness - Essay ExampleConrad wrote this curb while he was adventuring Congo, which was a Belgian Colony. Conrad novel allude that there are flaws in the European imperialism because riots, abandonment of trade enterprises, and wars in their territories. The story in this novella focuses on Charlie Marlow who is one the main characters. Charlie Marlow is withal the narrator of the story. This is condescension the fact that anonymous storyteller appears on the onset of the novel. Charlie Marlow is an Englishman who has always had a madness to travel at different parts of the globe. Since he was young, Marlow used to look keenly at places in world map to adventure. These areas included even the weird ones such(prenominal) as North poles (Conrad 16). The author of this novel, Conrad Joseph has electronegative attitude towards imperialism. The mood of the novella is sympathetic and Conrad identifies with African natives. The main characters in this novel are Marlow, Kurtz, ecumenical Manager, Brickmaker, Chief accountant, and Pilgrims. Other characters in the novella comprise Cannibals, Russian trader, Helmsman, Kurtzs African mistress, Aunt, Men abroad the Nellie, and Fresleven. Conrad uses these characters to expose the dark side of European colonization. Heart of Darkness looks at darkness at iii levels namely, wilderness in Congo, European treatment of Africans, and darkness in human beings to commit atrocious acts of evil. Conrad uses a big river, which is an important tool for colonies to exert their power in different parts of the world. The picture that Marlow gives when he enters employment offices to sign contract in order to replace Fresleven is a depiction of how Europeans have scramble to access varied areas. The map in the office in question containing different coloring such as green, yellow, blue, and other colors is a clear impression areas that Europeans have colonized (Conrad 25). Marlow secured a ponder with a Company a s a captain to fill the space that Fresleven left after headways son stubbed while in Congo. Charlie Marlows journey is full of many encounters of brutality and inefficiency, which his impertinent Company perpetrates. The natives of this region suffer under the ill treatment of agents of the company. The inhabitants have to overwork terribly despite the nastiness and cruelty of imperial companies. This is in regardless of the fact that number of Europeans is very small compared to that of inhabitants. enigma and mystery give the novel its glamour and aura command. Joseph Conrad employs effectively unpredictability and situations that are very ticklish for one to explain. The first pages of Conrads work opens with a character Charlie Marlow. Marlow gives a clear picture of England and explains to his colleagues in the ship that it was dull. Marlow continues to ponder on how the Romans got into Thames and how they faced the darkness. Marlow wondered how the Romans survived the lif e of wilderness, the forest, in the midst of cruel men (Conrad 8). Conrad provides readers with a picture to follow of civilization. The author draws the attention of the audience on what will happen, when the characters such as Marlow comes crosswise wild world. Conrad refers men in the ship as waiting for tide that has bones and resembles dominoes. This is prelude to the bones, which Kurtz and Marlow encounters after in the novel. For instance, Charlie Marlow found the remains of Fresleven who inhabitants killed after a quarrel ensued over hens. Conrad suggests that society must be very cautious on the

The United Arab Emirates embassy in Washington D.C Essay

The unify Arab Emirates embassy in Washington D.C - Essay ExampleOn the security front, the giant nations, the UAE and the USA, have and continue to collaborate, with their relations gaining momentum each and very give minute. To be sure, UAE is the only country in the Gulf realm that has provided armed services assistance and cooperation to the USA forces in its five military operations, namely the Afghanistan, Libya, Somalia, Bosnia-Kosovo and the Gulf wars. In addition, the UAE and the united States go for each others efforts in fighting terrorism and providing peace around the world, and so was the foundation for the bilateral Defense Cooperation Agreement signed in 1994, permitting the United States to base troops and their military artillery within UAE federation borders, particular, in Jebel Ali port, in Dubai, providing waters deep enough to berth the aircraft carriers of the US naval forces.UAE and the USA have also increased their partnership in the social and cultural sectors Universities such as New York University, Boston University and other USA institutions initiating different projects in the UAE. The US healthcare institutions such as Johns Hopkins, Cleveland Clinic and May Clinic are also cutting a niche for themselves by in the UAE by exchanging ideas and/or best practices in health care services. The UAE was but among the countries that come in handy with to support the victims and reconstruct the damages caused by Hurricane Katrina in 2011, and indeed help rebuild Joplin school in minute and provide new laptops to the affected students.

Survey Design Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Survey Design - Assignment ExamplePlease transmit back the filled questionnaire within both weeks of receipt. Thank you in advance.The target population for the study is employees and employers in the Department of Veterans Affairs who agree to participate in the study. The reason for the choice of the population are that the employers and employees are mostly affected by workplace conflicts and the ability of resolving workplace conflicts in an amicable mien is beneficial for the employers and employees for work efficiency and effectivenessThe chosen sample will consist of 100 employers and employees in the Department of Veteran Affairs. The sample is divided into two strata consisting of 50 employers and 50 employees to ensure the data is placid within the available time and the conclusions are all encompassing in terms of the views and opinions of the employees and the employers. The benefits of the sample chosen include accessibility and allows for the limited time for the research to be enough for completion of the study in a comprehensive manner1.The sampling process to be utilise is probability random sampling ensuring the option of an appropriate sample for the study2. Stratified sampling will be in the division of the sample to two strata consisting of employers and employees. The benefits of using stratified random sampling include frank distribution of the population under study, ensures equitable representation of the two strata in the sample chosen for use in the study, and accounting for the differences in the groups used for the study.The bon ton of the questions has an effect on the responses through providing context for preceding questions. In a survey, having closed-ended questions before unrestricted questions result in mentioning of concepts mentioned in earlier close-ended questions in filling open-ended questions. Open-ended questions have order effects in terms of contrast and assimilation effects in questionnaires where

Emergence of modern man Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emergence of modern man - Essay ExampleThe purpose of this short paper is to look the influences of evolution and cancel pick on modern man and to analyse whether these are continuing to withstand an effect on our species.The reason that many scientists argue that evolution and natural selection does not inhabit to exert an effect on modern man is because there are so many protections from nature. viands availability is one of the most important things for a species survival (Bootle, 2011), but many humans upkeep in the West do not have to worry about food availability because much of it is available very cheaply and nutrition is found all year round. Many food items stick out now also be preserved to last through the winter, and these developments have come from a lavishly level of intelligence. This, however, may be one of the problems. Some argue that the effects of obesity on our commonwealth may be having an effect similar to that of natural selection in the wild (Boot le, 2011), and could be use as evidence against our collective intelligence.Disease is also another one of the biggest parts of natural selection in the wild (McKie, 2002). However, modern man has developed a number of ways to prevent disease. nonetheless in prehistory, there is evidence that there may have been some attempt at stop and curative medicine (Regal, 2004), which suggests that mans high intelligence has a function of preventing parts of natural selection. In modern times, several diseases which would have killed people prior to reproduction (and thus have bred the singularity out), such as asthma and diabetes, are present in the population because they can be interact (Regal, 2004). This could also be evidence that natural selection is not as powerful for man as for other species.Perhaps one of the most interesting elements of the human species is that it occupies a huge amount of home on the

Significance of Chaco Canyon Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Significance of Chaco Canyon - Research Paper Example archaeological explorations began at Chaco Canyon at the end of the 19th century by the archeologists Richard Wetherill and George H. Pepper. Since then, increasing interest in the invest led to the undertaking of several excavation projects in both small and large sites in the region under the sponsorship of national organizations like the the Statesn Museum of Natural History, the National Geographic Society and the Smithsonian Institution. Further, the impending southwestern archeologists who have conducted projects at Chaco Canyon include Stephen Lekson, Jim Judge, Neil Judd, Gwinn Vivian, and Thomas Windes (Fagan, 2005). Chaco Canyon was a multi-site community dating from A.D. 900-1150, and believed to originate from earlier times. The archeology of the canyon has been interpreted in different ways by heterogeneous archeologists and investigators. Taking into consideration the limited arable land in the region of Chaco Can yon, its population size and the ensuant implications on Puebloan self-sufficiency have been debated. According to Nelson (1995), arguments related to local socio-political organization and the extent to which Chaco Canyon settlements play a dominant role in the region are based on the archeology of the antiquated historic site. Thesis Statement The purpose of this paper is to investigate the significance of Chaco Canyon, the ancient archeological site which had dominated the region at that time. The Significance of Chaco Canyon Chaco Canyon is a circular, saucer-shaped depression approximately one and only(a) hundred miles in diameter. The canyons relatively flat landscape inclines at the mountains bordering the region on the north, east, and west, while the south did not have a well-defined edge to the San Juan Basin and has a serial of uplifts. The San Juan River and its tributaries carry runoff from the basin to the Colorado River to the west (Lister & Lister, 1981, p.179). Chaco Canyon Unique Features Chaco Canyon is one of Americas richest archeological zones. The region is subjected to great extremes in temperature, it is devoid of trees and year-round running water, and the canyons sandy bases are cut deep by an arroyo or rift. At present, the terraces above have saltbrush, snakeweed, pungent pear cactus, and stunted grasses. In this forlorn region the canyons have walls of treacherously spalling tawny sandstone (Lister & Lister, 1981, p.3) apparently untempting to farmers from settling down in the canyon. This is reiterated by Roberts (1929), who states that the canyon itself is quite narrow, less than a mile ample at its widest point. Its walls are of red sandstone, and the mesa tops above are almost barren, with a few stunted cedar and pinon trees, sagebrush, and scanty grass but with pines smaller trees near its upper end. In all directions, the region is marked by shifting sand, great dry washes, deep arroyos, and a overleap of vegetation ( Roberts, 1929, p.9). Remarkably, this was the chosen site for the early Puebloan people, as indicated by the eleven large pueblo ruins and the countless numbers racket of small houses spread over the canyon. Although today there is no settlement in Chaco Canyon, Navajo herdsmen eke out a bare living in the perimeters of the area.

The History and General Overview of Gay Marriages Research Paper

The History and commonplace Overview of Gay espousals - Research Paper ExampleThirty eight states in the US drop follow sustenance that prohibit same sex marriage. This is achievable through the adoption of the defense of marriage provisions in the US constitutions. Universally, marriage means a efficacious union between a mankind and woman. The couples become hus negatived and wife in the institution of marriage. There are various states known to ban same sex marriages and gender (Samar 54). In the twenty states of US, they have placed this language when it comes to their state constitutions. An additive ten states have legislative language that adopts the restrictive language. This does not include Washington and Maryland as of this year (2012) they adopted laws that allowed same sex marriages. Currently, there are also six states and the District of capital of South Carolina permits marriage by persons of the same sex. The highest courts in Massachusetts, Connecticut and Iowa ruled that the states constitution did recommend same sex partners to be accorded similar rights as the opposite sex. In DC, New York, Vermont, and New Hampshire, their legislative organs have passed legislative changes to allow same sex marriage (Samar 55). The above mentioned states perform same sex marriages. ... Marriage in different states is a secular activity, and the government should not start making laws just because trust demands (Samar 55). Marital Benefit Gay couples deserve to enjoy the benefits other hook up with couples do enjoy. Such benefits lead include shared ownership and having the decision making capacity. Marriage is more than just a legal status. The legal status is instrumental in regards to the subject of tax, ownership of property, benefits from the insurance, and agency laws. It can also usurp serious medical decisions (Samar 55). Medical decision includes instances of personal incapacitation or surgery. Gay Marriage as a Lifestyle In the today world, homosexuality has become a situation that is acceptable, and there is biological assure that one been gay is in their DNA. Homosexuality been seen as a deviant sexual behavior for a long time. There are history books and psychological research that supports these allegations. The term lesbian originates from a classic island Lesbos (Samar 55). At the same time, there are biological reasons to support homosexuality and the issues of it been genetic are that to be fully proved. Discrimination of Minorities The foundation of America embraces majority rule, however, a greater deal of protect the rights of minorities. The Bill of Rights supports the need to protect the rights of minorities, anti slavery, and protection of the equal amendments (Samar 55). This contributes to the opinion that denying gay couples to be married is the same as denying marriage among Hispanic and Black Couples. Should Gay Marriages be supported (NO)? Religion considers it to be Sin Homosexuality is a cardinal sin among various religions around the globe. The basic or social morals state that homosexuality and gay marriages are

Issue brief Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Issue brief - Case Study eventA physician or a director who has an MD degree must supervise the nurses or physicians carrying out laser treatment (Williams, 27). Since Dr. Goyzueta is qualified to be a director and an owner it is wise for him to post into the spa thus should target a better location.Most of the fatal cases reported in facial nerve surgeries have been associated with New York spas. This claim means that most clients be not willing to risk their lives in plastic surgeries in these spas. This proves as a challenge to generate customers of the best paying operate in spas. To ensure that the business becomes successful Dr. Goyzueta, should start his spa in New Haven where there ar no such fatal cases reported since he will gain more clients. New Yorks population comprises of younger people as compared to that of New Haven. This is against spas services since past researches claim that 92% of spas customers are above 35 years (Williams, 22).According to previous rese arches that prove women spending almost 70% of their lettuce on their appearances, the physical appearance among most of the females in the United States is one of the most important things (Williams, 22). This makes it hard-hitting for spa business where the population has more women than men do. Most of these women are working and receive comparatively higher wages in comparison to the population in Manhattan, which is low populated and the spa services are not much of a necessity (Merriam-websters Geographical Dictionary, 2007, p. 34).The traffic in the Northeastern office of the United States is heavy, making it effective for people to have massages during the rush hour thus creating business opportunity for the medical spa. The medical spas laws in the Northeastern part of the United States is lenient in the essence that the map of lacer light can be performed by advanced nurses.The

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 23

Project Management - Essay ExampleThis paper discusses intimately the process of protrude integration management. It includes details of its structure, its traditional uses and misuses along with certain drawbacks. Areas like developing project plans, execution of project plans and change management are also included in the study. The Shard tower of London has been used as an example of a successful project management (PMI, 2013).The primary last of the project integration management is to establish coordination between all the elements of the project. It involves taking strategic decisions to make tradeoffs between different objectives and options, so as to meet the stakeholders interest in a resource high-octane way. The PMBOK guide breaks down the integration management further into six steps, which are explained below (PMI, 2013).Project contain Development The details of the project are included in the project charter. It is an official document which gives confidence to the management to proceed on the project and employ necessary recourses of the company in the project activities. supervise and Controlling This process keeps track of the progress and performance, and reporting accordingly. This step acts as a control apparatus if the progress deviates from the plan then immediately the process is stopped and necessary amendments are made in order to make sure that the progress goes in the desired direction.Integrated Change Control all(a) the necessary changes required in the process are managed in this step. It includes review of all the change requests, grace of the required changes and managing the changes in the project assets, planning and internal communication.Although the PMBOK guidelines state the above process, but Meredith and Mantel (2012) argued that at that place is no thumb rule for project management. Every project is different and thus each

Corporate Finance - Assignment 01 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Corpo prise Finance - 01 - Assignment ExampleIt was prudent, as the finance manager, to make a transaction decision that had the highest competitive advantage. The decision would be based on the rally rate for both(prenominal) currencies based on the AED. By monitoring the exchange rate for a bound of five days, it was evident that the best decision would be established. In addition, monitoring the exchange rate for both currencies in relation to the AED provided the opportunity to establish the best possible currency to use the most constant among the two.a) Check the exchange rate for a period of five days and create a display board of comparisons of how much will be your AED50m worth on each of the five days in both Euros and GB pounds. Choose the currency you will use for your transactions.Considering the purchasing power parity, the law of one damage states that similar goods should have a similar price after taking into account the exchange rate. This is to begin with tr ansportation costs have been incorporated to the cost of bringing the goods to the desired location. In this case, the Great Britain tick will be used for the transactions because there are minimal deviations in the exchange rate from 24th December to 28th December. In addition, the exchange rate is stable as opposed to the Euro. purchasing the equipment on the second day would preserve the company As the finance manager, the survival of the fittest maximizes utility, but at a relatively higher cost compared to the first day of monitoring the exchange rate.Purchasing the equipment on the third day would save the company Contrary to the savings on the first and second day the third day proves to have AED124 and AED2, 606 more savings respectively. The third day would be the best option because the exchange rate maximizes utility at the lowest cost.Purchasing the equipment on the fifth day would save the company The savings are relatively lower than those on the first and third day . Although the option maximizes utility, it does so but at a

Human nature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

military man genius - Essay ExampleThe researcher has established the premise that human nature serves as the uniting of the features of goodness and evil, which overcome each other on the foundation of various resistible and irresistible circumstances, and and so lead to the development of human nature.The term human nature simply refers to the features and characteristics attributed to human perception, thought, feelings, emotions and sentiments all of which ar reflected in the actions, reactions and behavior of the item-by-items while entering into interaction with their social, natural and physical environment at large. such patterns of behavior not only influence their individual life, but also leaves indelible imprints on the corporal life of the members of society and culture one belongs to. Consequently, the social norms and cultural values mirror the traits and characteristics observed by human nature.Psychologists, theorists and researchers have always been interest ed in exploring the human nature and the foundations on which it appears to be erection (Liebert & Spiegler 6). Some of them view human nature to be the mixture of the qualities man inherits from both of the parents, on which the individual does not maintain any control altogether on the other hand, some of the theorists strongly harbour the physical surroundings and social environment to be responsible for all the activities man is involved into. Hence, meet education and adequate training can introduce imperative alterations in human personality, where a unnatural could be taught the manners of leading a law-abiding and sophisticated life. Consequently, nature-nurture debate has always been the moot charge up for the scholars, philosophers, intellectuals and religious leaders for centuries.While discussing Islamic perception with regards to human nature, it becomes evident that Islam lays stress upon both nature and nurture,

Health Care Project Essay Example for Free

Health Care Project hearTeam B has chosen prescription drug medicine drugs for our wellness care reform project and how our current sparing status is influenced. We will give ideas and solutions to show how to decrease the drug set. Ways that can be utilise toward a solution. Pharmaceutical companys need to amend their business practices from a high profit, blue development model to a mode locate profit, moderate to high development model. Structures and regulation that will exempt the competition, barriers to entry, and regulations. Taking a look at drug pricing from different perspective, like toll, research, and development, marketing, and the manufacturing of pharmaceutical drugs. The Monopoly of pricing who is involved, and the curves associated with it. Price discrimination how it changes whos involved and what the criteria are for groups as well as pricing for individuals. How cost of co pays differ from brand names to generic and how the drug formulates come into play. How to make the system break down for everyone that will amount to higher than just a 30-day put up, pharmacy assistance programs, local charity programs, and small(a) income opportunities. Better ways to enforce existing legislation, vote in new legislation, and regulate prices across the board. The preceding(prenominal) affects the insured and non-insured Americans. For most American households, paying for health care to include prescription drugs and medical bills has been one of the hardest financial strains out there.According to a report published by (Consumer Reports, 2012), many choose cut back on opposite household expenses or taken potentially dangerous measures with their health to afford their medications. The most affected population is the working-age Americans who do not gather in prescription drug policy coverage. More than half of the deal who completed the survey requested by Consumer Reports took one or more(prenominal) prescriptions had to reduce other household expenses or make changes in how the general population manage their finances. These reductions include how much they spend on their groceries, entertainment, activities with the family, and using their credit cards to purchase medications. The problemwas more grave with younger people than elderly people age 65 and older. 84 percent of them said they had to recourse to such measures (Consumer Reports, 2012) as previously listed. Prescription drugs or better yet the cost of prescription drugs is a discussion in the country of importance.The rise of the cost of prescription drugs is of important to many people in the United States and plays a huge role in the economics of health care. The elevated pricing of prescription drugs has become a focal point of politics and in need of some governance. Even though healthcare and prescription drugs are seen as a private sector issue, the discussion of some collective measures put into place is a definite need for the economy . Some of those ideas include price-capping expensive drugs and even trade drugs from Canada. Healthcare and prescription drugs have been privatized however, the government has a huge influence on them both. According to the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services, the government, including state, and federal, has contributed more the 2.7 trillion in 2011. This shows that we have hidden, or more politically correct, blurred the view of a left healthcare system. The currently health care system with health care reform has caused confusing for consumers. many people are struggling to pay for the high cost of medication they are on.Some of the patients have to take a different type of medication, which is called alternative medication because their restitution denied paying for it in accession the process to get approval from insurance takes longer time and more paperwork back and forth from doctors and insurance companies. In reality, health care consumers are the victims, they suffer from their medical illnesses, and they suffer for the high cost of prescription drugs. Health care reform in theory is helping more than forty million people to have health coverage, the demand curve shifts to the right. The important matter at the present time is the supply to cover that many people to have a quality care whereas the economy is gradually recovering. The unemployment rate is not changing much, it is still relatively high. When the prescription drug cost much of our income, seeking for other solution becomes a must do from consumers, they tend to dismiss their prescriptions or buying medication from online market, which whitethorn cause bad health than curing purpose.

The Akita Ranga artist Essay Example for Free

The Akita Ranga artist EssayDutch Learning results to the proliferation of the Akita Ranga art school in Japan (Johnson 2005). The artists of the Akita Ranga tradition be influenced by the illustrations found in western al-Qurans. The prevalence of Western books happened during the Tokugawa period wherein Japan undergone a national isolation. Nevertheless, trade with the Dutch are permitted. The Dutch bring with them books and information from the western world. Hiraga Gennai, a multitalented individual and has a wide variety of Dutch books collections was invited by Satake Shozen to Akita. This invitation led to a meeting between Odano Naotake, a resident of Akita, and Gennai. Gennai taught Naotake techniques of Western-style painting, particularly chiaroscuro and the technique of blend (Freedman and Hernandez 1998). Also, Hiraga Gennai thought Odano Naotake how to delineate objects by lightness and darkness of color, rather than by line alone as was customary Japanese painti ng (Keene 1969). Naotake succeeded in incorporating Western-styles and Japanese traditions in his artworks. Naotake studied human proportions in the book Groot Schilderboek by Lairesse.He learned about the Western perspective through looking into science books illustrations. Thus, upon the achievement of the first Western book translated to Japanese, The New Book of Anatomy by Sugita Genpaku and coworker, Naotake was chosen to illustrate the anatomical reference charts (Keene, 1969). Works Cited Johnson, H. Western Influence on Japanese Art The Akita Ranga Art School. Hotei Publishing. 2005. Freedman, K. J. and Hernandez, F. Curriculum, Culture, and Art Education comparative degree Perspectives. SUNY Press. 1998 Keene, D. The Japanese Discovery of Europe, 1720-1830. Stanford University Press. 1969.

Analytical Psychology of Carl Jung Essay Example for Free

analytical Psychology of Carl Jung Essaypsychological Therapeutic System, more commonly known as, Analytical Psychology, was developed and founded by a Swiss psychiatrist, Carl Gustav Jung. Carls family was precise involved with the Christian faith, when Carl had his initiation he didnt chip in either moving feelings and that was express to be a main reason to why he chose to go on with his later work, he was trying to replace the faith that was missing from his life (Mitchell). Jung and Freud met up and began a six year grand journey of research and work together until they split right before World War I in May 1914. Jung soon started his own research which became Analytical Psychology in response to Freuds psychoanalysis. (Mitchell). Jung taught that the psyche consists of various systems including the doublel un aware(p) with its complexes and a collective unconscious with its standards, (PsychoHeresy Awareness Ministries). Analytic psychological science is the analy sis of the human mind, psyche and the unconscious, as well as the conscious components of the mind. It is thought that mans behavior and his conscious states can be explained only by unconscious sources of what motivates him.Jung believed that the mind could be divided into unconscious and conscious plowshares. The unconscious mind was made up of layers the personal unconscious is the part of the unconscious mind where individually persons unique own effs and that may not be consciously remembered are stored. Jung believed that the contents of each persons personal unconscious are organized in terms of complexes, clusters of emotional unconscious thoughts. One may have a complex towards their mother or towards their partner. Jung referred to the second layer of unconsciousness as the collective unconscious.This train contains memories and behavioral predispositions that all people have inherited from common ancestors in the distant human past, providing us with essentially share d memories and tendencies. People across space and time tend to interpret and use experience in similar shipway because of archetypes, inherited human tendencies to perceive and act in certain ways. During Analytic Therapy, Jung may use certain archetypes to explain a persons unconscious thought that in time affect their behavior. Jung believed that there are certain archetypes that are important in peoples lives.These archetypes are as follows. The persona archetype is the part of our personality that we show the world, the part that we are willing to share with others. The shadow archetype is the darker part of a person, the part that embraces what we view as frightening, hateful and even evil about ourselves the part of us that we hide not only from others but also from ourselves. The anima is the feminine side of a males personality, which shows tenderness, caring, compassion and warmth to others, yet which is more irrational and based on emotions.The animus is the masculine side of a womans personality, the more rational and logical side of the woman. Jung posited that men often try to hide their anima both from others and from themselves because it goes against their regard image of what men should be. According to Jung, these archetypes play a role in our interpersonal relationships. For example, the relationship amid a man and a woman calls into play the archetypes in each individuals collective unconscious. The anima helps the man to bring in his female companion, just as the animus helps the woman to understand her male partners (PsychologyCampus. com, 2004).Jung distinguishes two differing attitudes to life, two ways of reacting to circumstances, which he finds so widespread that he could describe them as typical. The extraverted attitude, characterized by an outward personality, an take in events, in people and things, a relationship with them, and a dependence on them. This type is motivate by outside factors and greatly influenced by the e nvironment. The extraverted type is sociable and confident in strange surroundings. The introverted attitude, in contrast, is one of withdrawal of the personality and is concentrated upon personal factors, and their main influence is informal needs.When this attitude is habitual Jung speaks of an introverted type. This type lacks confidence in relation to people and things, tends to be unsociable, and prefers thoughtfulness to activity. This approach is especially helpful to clients that can remember their dreams and are either interested or dissipated in them. They are often asked to keep a journal of their dreams and other impressions that they feel. When working with analytical psychology clients are expected to be as open, spontaneous, and self-observant as they can.Jungians will generally not use any formal assessment procedures while in therapy, and are not likely to diagnose problems. They take dreams very seriously and consider them central to establishing dialect betwee n consciousness and unconsciousness. In a clinical setting, the champion will listen carefully to the clients dreams and thoughts and intervene and identify important aspects that are discover (Sommers-Flanagan, 2004). References Mitchell, G. (n. d. ). Carl jung jungian analytical psychology. Retrieved from http//www. trans4mind. com/mind-development/jung. html PsychoHeresy Awareness Ministries, Initials. (n. d. ).Psychoheresy c. g. jungs legacy to the church. Retrieved from http//www. psychoheresy-aware. org/jungleg. html PsychologyCampus. com, Initials. (2004). Analytical psychology. Retrieved from http//www. psychologycampus. com/analytical-psychology. html Sommers-Flanagan, J R. (2004). steering and psychotherapy theories in context and practice. Retrieved from http//books. google. ca/books?id=BpzrBuSe0ikCpg=PA128lpg=PA128dq=case+example+analytical+psychologysource=blots=ANhhYx5RISsig=NdjE_dCewzWNnrxc3dL0sB28ZUohl=enei=VNG0TITqJYGCsQPzkKjsCAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum =5ved=0CCUQ6AEwBAv=onepageqf=false

Connections Les Murray Essay Example for Free

Connections Les Murray shewA confederation is an avenue of interaction that establishes and develops a relationship between people, places, and purification. Connections as fond constructs whitethorn be positive or negative, impacted by natural beliefs, values and ideas that underlie the external determinants of environment, attitudes and culture within society. Poet Les Murray and educator Jane Elliott critically explore in their texts the cultural disconnection in the Australian and Canadian communities in response to the interaction of these factors and their effect on the avenues of interaction between people. Les Murrays Sydney and the Bush embodies the poets personal connection and attachment to the farmer lifestyle as he blames the disconnection of urban and outlandish Australia entirely on the citys infatuation with materialistic pleasure. This consequently emphasises his value of the nature of untaught society. Murray perceives the infatuation as an external atti tude of the modernised and corrupted urban society, factored by the city case-by-cases internal values of luxury, wealth and power being the unmistakable cause of the cultural divide.He reinforces this notion through the technique of repetition, using the phrase When Sydney in order to periodically mark the emanation of cultural disconnection and accentuate the attributing internal and external factors. When Sydney ordered lavish books, and warmed her feet with coal reiterates the internal necessity for comfort and sophistication as few of limited sources of satisfaction.Les Murray further develops the concept of disconnection in the poem when then bushman sank and factories rose, and warders set the tone, contextualising this to reveal a loss of cultural identity for the hoidenish community through industrialisation. Then convicts bled and warders bred, the bush went back and back whereby the poet suggests that nature is the central value of the farmer lifestyle, governing the i nternal and external factors of their connections, which in this poem is a disconnection to the urban society.Thus, Murray demonstrates that our connections are negatively impacted by internal and external factors, expressing a critical perspective that reflects his own value of and connection to nature and its simplicity as a source of contentment. creates another social critique of the urban social hierarchy contrast he begins the poem with When Sydney and the Bush first met, there was no open institute and ends with a juxtaposing When Sydney and the Bush meet now, There is no common ground enabling readers to identify the dissever Australia in its urban and rural communities.

Physician Payment Reform Essay Example for Free

Physician Payment Reform Essay1. The three goals of the Physician Payment Reform is to reducing medi finagle expenditures by promoting preventative care and preventing unnecessary hospital stays. The nigh goal is to Re-distribute physicians payments more equitably by ensuring that physicians receive a fair payment for goods rendered. The last goal is to ascertain quality wellness care at a reasonable rate. 2. Modifier -25 would be the appropriate choice, it is a separately indentifiable service that was provided by the same physician on the same day. 3. Medicare pays physicians for services based on three base compnents called relative value units. The first is Physician work which is the time, skill, and training it takes to provide a particular service. The next is practice expense which is eachthing that goes into running a practice, like equipment, rent, supplies, etc. The last of these is malpractice, which covers the cost of professional obligation expenses.4. The t hree types of persons eligible for medicare are the elderly who are age 65 and older. The second are volume who are disabled and drawing by social security disability The third are multitude who are in the stage of renal failure (ESRD). 5. The six basic location methods to find main(prenominal) calls in the index of CPT are agency/service, synonym, eponymous, anatomic site, condition of disease, and abbreviations. 6. 99253 is the appropriate E/M legislation of the initial im unhurried consultation. The consultation was with a circumstantial history, a detailed exam, and MDM of low complexity 7. The iv elements of history are the chief complaint, the second is the history of present illness. The third is the review of systems, and the closing is past, family, and/or social history. 8. The complexity of medical decision making is based off of the number of diagnoses, danger or morbidity (complication or death), and the amount of data (complexity). 9. The appropriate CPT en rol for this scenario is 99214. There is a detailed history, a detailed exam, and a MDM of moderate complexity.10. The three key components that are present in every patient case, (except counseling encounters or time-based inscribes) arehistory, examination and medical decision making. 11. The make up CPT code for this clinic argument is 99396. It is a 42-year-old female who is going for a routine physical exam, which is a preventative measure to ensure her health. 12. The appropriate CPT code would be 99341. This case is for a home visit with a problem think history, a problem focused exam, as well as a straight introductory MDM. 13. The four levels of history type are problem focused, expanded problem focused, detailed and comprehensive. 14. The appropriate CPT code is 99281, and the ICD-9 code is 918.1. 15. This scenario has a problem focused history, a problem focused exam and a straight forward MDM (or of low complexity.) Therefore the determine CPT code is 99231. 16. If a patient were discharged from the hospital with a diagnosing of probable myocardial infarction without a history of MI in the past, the coder would use the ICD-9 diagnosis code 410 for this stay.17. The reprobate CPT code is 13160, and the emend ICD-9 code is 998.32. 18. The difference between outpatient and inpatient measures of time is that outpatient care is when a patient comes in and receives a medical procedure or treatment and goes home immediately. As where with inpatient care they will receive a medical procedure and stay at the hospital. 19. In this scenario the patient has a fracture of the distal radius, the appropriate CPT code for this is 25600. 20. Four of the five graft types in the musculoskeletal system are bone graft, tissue, fascia, and cartilage. 21. The procedure that was performed in this scenario is on the placement of a halo. The correct CPT code for this scenario is 20661. 22. Since the procedure in this scenario is a left heath catherterization with c oronary angiography and left ventriculogra, the correct CPT code for this is 93452. 23. The correct CPT code for the placement only of a dual-chamber pacemaker is 33208. 24. In this scenario the procedure is for the replacement of a pulse generator in an old pacemaker, the correct CPT code is 33228.25. The correct CPT diagnosis code is 58558, and the correct ICD-9 code is 621.0. 26. This outpatient clinic scenario is for a bilateral screening mammogram, the correct CPT code is 77057. 27. The correct CPT code for this scenario, an MRI of the brain, is 70552. 28. This scenario is for a dialysis progress note, the correct CPT code is 90947. 29. The correct CPT code for a pulmonary walking stress visitation is 94620. 30. Physical status modifier P3 indicates a patient with severe systemic disease. 31. The correct CPT codefor a patient who receives anesthesia for revision of total hip arthroplasty is 01215. The physical status modifier would be P2, because the patient has mild systemic disease. 32. The main term in the diagnosis of fractured clavicle is fractured. 33. The main term in the diagnosis of globe adhesions is adhesions.34. The main term in the diagnosis of urinary retention is retention. 35. The main term in the diagnosis of acute pneumonia is pneumonia. 36. The correct code for personal history of peptic ulcer is V12.71. 37. The correct code for family history of breast cancer (for a), female is V16.3. 38. The correct code for the preoperative evaluation is V72.83, the code for COPD is 496. 39. In this scenario it is for a simple repair of a superficial wound of the nose measuring 5.2cm, the correct CPT code for this is 12014. 40. To correctly code a lesion excision you moldiness first know the size, location, and number of lesions. You must also know if it is malignant or benign to properly code. 41. The appropriate CPT code for an unlisted procedure of the neck or thorax is 21899.

Managing Cost of Quality Essay Example for Free

Managing Cost of Quality EssayArticle Reference Schiffauerova, A. and Thomson, V., Managing monetary value of role Insight into industry practice, The TQM Magazine, 2006 Abstract This paper reports on the study of the feeling be practices at four large conquestful transnational companies. All four companies employment systematic type initiatives however, a semi-formal follow of fictitious character (CoQ) systemology was precisely employed at one of them. This is in agreement with the literature findings arguing that a CoQ approach is non utilized in most spirit management broadcasts. The article discusses and comp ars the tonicity programs of all four companies and explains the benefits of the eventual adoption of a CoQ approach in each case. The analysis provides a clean insight into comp some(prenominal) practice, useful not tho for academic seek, but also for use by industry. Keywords Cost of type, CoQ, flavour comprise, industrial practice Introduction a stir(p) calibre is considered by m any(prenominal) to be the best way to enhance customer satisfaction, to visit manufacturing be and to increase productivity.Any serious attempt to mend calibre must take into account the be associated with achieving timber, since nowadays it does not suffice to meet customer commandments, it must be done at the final possible toll as well. This can only happen by reducing the be required to hit attribute, and the reduction of these cost is only possible if they be identified and heedful. The identification itself is not squ atomic number 18(a) because there is no general agreement on a single broad definition of gauge cost. However, gibe to Dale and Plunkett (1995), it is now widely accepted that quality be argon the cost incurred in the design, implementation, carrying into action and maintenance of a quality management system, the cost of resources committed to perpetual advancement, the cost of system, product and servicin g troubles, and all other necessary costs and non-value added activities required to achieve a quality product or service.Measuring and reporting these costs should be considered a critical issue for any manager who aims to achieve competitiveness in todays markets. There are several methods that can be utilize to collect, categorize and saloon quality costs. The traditional P-A-F method proposeed by Juran (1951) and Feigenbaum (1956) classifies quality costs into prevention, idea and blow costs. Prevention costs are associated with actions taken to ensure that a run provides quality products and services, appraisal costs are associated with measuring the level of quality attained by the process, and ill luck costs are incurred to square up quality in products and services before (internal) or after (external) deliin truth to the customer. The cost categories of Crosbys clay sculpture (Crosby, 1979) are similar to the P-A-F scheme. Crosby sees quality as ad retributoryance to requirements, and therefore, defines the cost of quality as the sum of scathe of accord and price of nonconformance (Crosby, 1979).The price of conformance is the cost involved in making plastered that things are done right the first time and the price of non-conformance is the money wasted when work fails to conform to customer requirements. Another formal quality cost approach is the process cost mould, which was developed by Ross (1977) and first used for quality be by Marsh (1989) it represents quality cost systems that focus on process rather than products or services. Several references propose CoQ models that embroil the additional category of intangible costs. These are costs that can be only estimated such as profits not earned because of preoccupied customers and reduction in revenue owing to non-conformance. The importance of opportunity and intangible costs for quality be has been recently emphasized in the literature. Dale and Plunkett (1999) describe a less formal method base on collecting quality costs by department. Another recently proposed CoQ methodology is a method base on a team approach, in which the aim is to identify the costs associated with things that clear gone upon in a process (Robison, 1997).No matter which quality costing approach is used, the main conceit behind the CoQ analysis is the linking of improvement activities with associated costs and customer expectations, thus surrendering leveled action for reducing quality costs and increasing quality improvement benefits. Therefore, a realistic estimate of CoQ, which is the permit tradeoff between the levels of conformance and non-conformance costs, should be considered an essential element of any quality initiative and a crucial issue for any manager. A number of organizations are now seeking both theoretical advice and practical evidence closely quality related costs and the implementation of quality costing systems. A reasonable descend of dilate informa tion on various methods of categorization, collection and step of quality costs can be launch in the literature (Plunkett and Dale, 1987 Williams et al., 1999 Schiffauerova and Thomson, 2004). However, there are only a few published, practical examples from industry that supply specifics almost the costs that are included or excluded in quality costing and about how the costs are practically collected and measured.More detailed descriptions of CoQ systems from industry can be found in Whitehall (1986), Hesford and Dale (1991) and Purgslove and Dale (1996). This paper intends to contribute to this welkin by providing an analysis of the quality costing practices of four successful companies. explore Intent and Methodology The physical object of this look into was to encounter and analyze data concerning the practices of successful companies in the area of quality management. Specifically, the main interest was to investigate if these companies collect, measure and monitor qua lity costs, which kinds of costs were considered in the enumerations, and whether any formal CoQ approach was used.The analysis provided a tender insight into company practice, useful not only for academic research, but also for use by industry. Four companies were selected to participate in the research. The main accusatory of the selection was to identify the organizations with well established quality programs belonging to the several(predicate) industrial sectors. Companies serving the identical market could have been reluctant to share details concerning their quality practices with competition. This paper keeps the company names privy and refers to them as mellow society A, B, C and D.A benchmarking session took place at McGill University. The quality management programs streamlet at the four companies were described by company representatives. The organizations utilized this occasion as an occasion to obtain new information on the practices used at other companies an d to mutually compare their experiences, efforts and successes. Summary of the Benchmarking academic session This section summarizes the initiatives in the field of CoQ for the four participants. A comparative analysis of their quality strategies and final remarks follow. participation A partnership A is a telecommunication company. It has very conglomerate products, and therefore, the number of opportunities for spots per unit is very high (45,000 defect opportunities per assembly). However, familiarity As customers expect zero defects. Quality initiatives therefore get an important role in the companys product management. Company As model for cost of quality measurement and calculation follow the P-A-F model, where CoQ = (P + A + F (internal + external) + other costs)/cost of goods sold.Company A is well aware of formal cost of quality methods and it has clearly determined its CoQ definitions. It knows exactly what are its conformance and non-conformance costs however, it s truggles to find out the shape of its CoQ curves, and hence, an optimum CoQ tactic. The search for an optimum CoQ is difficult because the job cycle changes often (every 2 years or less) product lines are released in phases, and component obsolescence and two-fold engineering changes are kind of common. Every change causes a new search for an optimum CoQ moreover, different product lines require separate review, and variable volumes reduce optimization opportunities. Company A uses an activity based management approach, which means that it uses activity-based costing (first principle) to determine cost categories. It maps financial categories into activity costs, and activities performed at cost centers are rolled up to aggregate quality costs and percentages.In this way, the company obtains exact information about every category prevention costs, appraisal costs, as well as internal and external failure costs. An example of activity costs is given in hedge I, and the resulting CoQ map is shown in Figure 1. Table I Example of activity costs in Company A Activity primary OPD exchange Management Internal Quality Issues External Quality Issues DFX, NPI support Proto Support PLC Deliverables Mfg Tools Quality coverage Other Cost of quality category harm Internal Prevention Failure Internal Failure External Prevention Prevention Appraisal Prevention Appraisal Cost of Business Totals Activity % 8% 12% 17% 9% 4% 6% 22% 6% 10% 6% vitamin C% Cost categories Salaries Depreciation Suppliers OthersCompany A uses other metrics for performance comparisons, such as new versus mature product or part number based CoQ ratio. CoQ is measured at mortal test stages, which allows trend analysis and comparison using mature product as the benchmark for new product. Figure 2 shows the decreasing trend of CoQ for manufacturing operations. The graph shows a decrease for all CoQ components however, it is failure costs which show the biggest reduction, about 40 % over 18 mon ths. The breakdown of CoQ and its cost values are measured quarterly.%Figure 2 CoQ in manufacturing operations for Company A shown on a relative cost scale.Company A has been using their CoQ methodology successfully. The company declares savings in quality costs, has quality improvement in every part of their process, and achieves very aggressive improvement targets. Moreover, the end customer directly benefits from the inhouse quality initiative. As a result, customer satisfaction is increasing.Company B Company B is a multinational microelectronics company, which dedicates a lot of effort to quality improvement. Their far-reaching and successful quality improvement program is the main bloc of their quality initiatives. The program includes continuous improvement focused on process as well as extensive education and training on quality for all employees. Despite the fact that there is a great interest in reducing non-conformance cost, Company B does not measure, report or chart Co Q. It does not use any formal CoQ model and does not try to optimize cost of quality. Nevertheless, it does reduce cost due to poor quality through its continuous improvement activities. The company has a solid operations and process focus, where emphasis is put on process yield and cycle time improvement. It believes that a continuous quality improvement program focused on process will provide the opportunities for quality improvement and thus reduction in cost of quality.Company C Company C is in the aerospace industry and emphasizes products with near zero defects. Company C describes its cost of poor quality model as an iceberg philosophy, where just a few categories for poor quality cost are measured and monitored. This is, however, just the tip of the iceberg, since most of the cost factors leading to poor quality are non-visible or completely privy (and non-quantifiable). Company C has implemented a process that allows tracking of all non-quality events and associated root causes as well as corrective actions and lessons learned. It puts full attention into measuring the cost of poor quality.It has 4 main quality ratings, which measure nonconformities (scrap, rework, etc.), poor adherence to specifications (internal, external, customers, suppliers), number of defective parts in parts per million, and on-time delivery. Their cost of non-quality is consistently reduced through a corporate-wide initiative based on continuous improvement. It also uses a train IT system for tracking quality. Although Company C has had success in improving the value of non-conforming quality costs, it does not use any CoQ model, and it does not include the cost of quality among its calculation elements.Company D Company D is a manufacturer of home products. It has set its quality level at a dictated warranty rate, and it attempts to optimize its quality effort to achieve this target. At the time of the benchmarking session, the company did not measure CoQ however, it was planning to do so and was building a CoQ model. The envisioned CoQ program was based on a P-A-F model. The strategy of Company D was to directly attack failure costs in an attempt to postulate them down, to invest in the right prevention activities to bring about improvements, to reduce appraisal costs according to achieved results, and to continuously evaluate and redirect prevention efforts to gain further improvements.Discussion Table II shows a comparison of the quality initiatives and CoQ effort carried out by the four companies. The following discussion is focused on the relation between the quality strategies and the industrial sectors, on the kinds of CoQ models used, on the satisfaction with company efforts, the results stemming from the quality costing programs, and the recommendations by the authors of this paper. Table II Comparison of quality initiatives of four companies Company A B C D COC CONC P-A-F ABCQuality costsCONC + COC CONC CONC CONCFormal CoQ model P-A-F + A BC none none noneQuality efforts intensive intensive intensive moderateProgram satisfaction high high high moderate cost of conformance cost of non-conformance traditional model including prevention + appraisal + failure costs activity-based costingQuality Strategies The business environment, which is the industry sector and product line, dictates the strategy adopted by the companies to come across achievement of the required level of quality. Companies A, B and C all work in high-tech industries that require very high levels of quality, and therefore, they all have quite expatiate quality and productivity improvement systems with the objective to achieve zero or near zero defects. Company D, which serves home product markets, uses a frozen rate of return through its warranty policy as its quality limit. The company, however, does have a continuous improvement program. Quality Costs Table II suggests that Company A is the only one that in fact measures both kinds of quality cost s, conformance and non-conformance.This allows the company to search for the right balance between the amount spent on quality and the resulting benefits. Companies B and C both regard reducing non-conformance cost as a high priority, and therefore, they exert substantial efforts in measuring and monitoring failures and other nonconformances. At the selfsame(prenominal) time, they use elaborate, systematic quality improvement programs in point to reach a zero defect quality level. The direction of these initiatives is consistent with the industry quality environment, which tolerates absolutely no defect, no matter what the cost is. Conformance costs are consequently given much less attention in the quality management programs and measuring them together with the cost of non-conformance is therefore disregarded.The situation for Company D is however quite different. Even though the company also does not measure conformance costs, the nature of its own quality strategy suggests that it would benefit greatly if it started doing so. Identification and measurement of both kinds of the quality costs would certainly improve the quality policy that Company D follows. The policy has a determined rate of return as its quality limit. Being able to find an appropriate trade-off between conformance and non-conformance costs would serve well Company D determine an optimal level of effort towards achieving quality. Formal CoQ Methods Literature (for example, Porter and Rayner, 1992 Schiffauerova and Thomson, 2004) suggests that, if quality costs are measured by companies, then the classical P-A-F model is the one most often used in practice. Even within the limited sample of four companies, P-A-F was the only model encountered. Company A is currently calculating its quality costs according to the traditional categorization of prevention, appraisal and failure costs.Moreover, Company D claims that it is planning to utilize this model in the near future as well. The resul ts of this research therefore confirm other researchers findings on the frequency of the use of the P-A-F method in industry. Focus by companies on the classical P-A-F methodology is not surprising however, there are several other alternatives useable for monitoring CoQ. Other quality costing methods, such as Crosbys model or process cost model, are being used with success (Schiffauerova and Thomson, 2004). Every company has to choose an appropriate CoQ method that suits its fatalitys and its situation best. For a detailed checklist of the issues to be considered when deciding on a CoQ approach, see Dale and Plunkett (1995) Activity-based costing (ABC) is considered to be more compatible with quality cost measurement systems than traditional accounting. Although most CoQ measurement methods are activity/process oriented, traditional cost accounting establishes cost accounts by the categories of expenses instead of activities.Thus, many CoQ elements need to be estimated or collected by other methods. There is no consensus method on how to share overheads to CoQ elements and no adequate method to trace quality costs to their sources (Tsai, 1998). The use of ABC for a CoQ calculation is therefore an appealing alternative, and Company A is benefiting from this powerful combination. The employment of a CoQ approach together with ABC enables Company A to obtain exact information about every CoQ category prevention costs, appraisal costs as well as internal and external failure costs. Companies B and C do not utilize any formal quality costing system. This is in agreement with the common intimation that the CoQ approach is not fully appreciated by organizations and the practical use of formal quality costing in industry is quite rare.Satisfaction with Quality Efforts The quality initiatives of companies A, B, and C are very elaborate and the amount of effort is intensive. Whether they use a formal CoQ method or they solely aim at a reduction in the cost of poor qu ality, the companies obtain excellent results from their quality programs. All trey companies mentioned a high satisfaction with their quality efforts during the benchmarking session. Judging by the success of Company A with its CoQ program, we suggest that companies B and C would benefit from measuring CoQ, and that they would be surprised if they knew their real quality costs. These companies should select an appropriate CoQ model that suits the companys situation and implement the quality costing methodology in order to improve the efficiency of their quality initiatives. Monitoring quality costs would allow them to transgress identify target areas for cost reduction and quality improvement.Moreover, sufficient savings should occur to justify CoQ measurement expenses. Company D has a continuous improvement program that brings it moderate results and is already looking to improve it by implementing a CoQ strategy. As mentioned above, the implementation of a suitable CoQ method w ould secure reduced costs and improved quality benefits for Company D. Summary Even though quality is nowadays considered to be a critical success factor for achieving competitiveness, the CoQ approach is not fully appreciated by organizations, and only a minority of them use formal quality costing methods. The four companies that participated in the benchmarking session with McGill University on cost of quality have systematic quality initiatives, and have been successful in improving quality and reducing the cost of nonconformance. However, the only company that measures cost of quality and uses a formalized CoQ model is Company A. Company D is at the point of starting to use this quality measurement tool as well however, it is at the fount of this path.On the other hand, Company B and Company C focus their quality efforts solely on continuous quality improvement. They measure, monitor and work mostly with the cost of non-conformance, and do not formally include cost of conforman ce in their analysis. It was recommended that companies B, C and D set up a suitable formal quality costing system compatible with the needs and the situation of each company. For companies B and C this program will mainly facilitate identification of the target areas for quality improvement and cost reduction in quality effort. For Company D it would also help balance its quality costs and establish an optimal level of effort towards achieving quality. CoQ programs should be part of any quality management program. The methodology is not complex and is well documented. CoQ programs provide a good method for identification and measurement of quality costs, and thus allow targeted action for reducing CoQ.Further education on the practical level is needed for managers to understand better the CoQ concept in order to appreciate fully the benefits of the approach, to increase their ability to implement a CoQ measurement system and to save money.ReferencesCrosby, P.B. (1979), Quality is F ree, New York McGraw-Hill Dale, B.G. and Plunkett, J.J. (1995), Quality Costing, 2nd edition, Chapman and Hall, London Dale, B.G. and Plunkett, J.J. (1999), Quality Costing,3rd edition, Gower Press, Aldershot Feigenbaum, A.V. (1956), Total quality control, Harvard Business Review, Vol.34, Hesford, M.G. and Dale, B.G. (1991), Quality costing at British Aerospace Dynamics, Proceedings of the Institution of mechanised Engineers, Vol.205 (G5), p.53 Juran, J.M. (1951), Quality Control Handbook, 1st edition, McGraw-Hill, New York Marsh, J. (1989), Process modeling for quality improvement, Proceedings of the arcsecond international Conference on Total Quality Management, p.111 Plunkett, J.J. and Dale, B.G. (1987), A review of the literature on quality-related costs, International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, Vol.4, No.1, p.40 Porter, L.J. and Rayner, P. (1992), Quality costing for total quality management, International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 27, p.69 Pu rgslove, A.B. and Dale, B.G. (1996), The influence of management information and quality management systems on the development of quality costing, Total Quality Management, Vol.7, No.4, p.421 Robison, J. (1997), Integrate quality cost concepts into team problem-solving efforts, Quality Progress, March, p. 25 Ross, D.T. (1977), structure analysis (SA) A language for communicating ideas, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol.SE-3, No.1, p.16 Schiffauerova, A. and Thomson, V. (2006), A review of research on cost of quality models and best practices, International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, Vol.23, No.4 Tsai, W.H. (1998), Quality cost measurement under activity-based costing, International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, Vol.15, No.6, p.719 Whitehall, F.B. (1986), Review of problems with a quality cost system, International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, Vol.3, No.3, p.43 Williams, A.R.T., van der Wiele, A. and Dale, B.G. (199 9), Quality costing a management review, International Journal of Management Reviews, Vol.1, No.4, p.441

Role of Research in Psychology Essay Example for Free

aim of Research in psychological science EssayAbstractResearch is substantial in psychology because it helps in understanding heaps feelings, thoughts and emotions. When inquirying, a scientific regularity is needed so that there will be hardiness in the collected information or the whole query itself. According to Deweys Scientific Method, researching involves several go. The staple steps are identify and define the problem, determine the hypotheses wherefore research is needed, collect and try out info gathered, formulate conclusion, and apply conclusion. direct and secondary selective information are needed in the contour of the process. aboriginal data is collected through interviews or surveys. It answers the new research question directly. Secondary data is utilize in other research and used a put one across in another. It is less costly and less time-consuming. The billet of statistics in psychological research or any other research is to measure data ob tained. Psychology is a branch of science that deals with the cognitions, the emotions and the behavior of a person. It has five goals in understanding peoples emotions, behaviors and cognitions. The first goal is objectively observing behavior then describing it. by and by describing it, psychologist goes through the process of explaining what had transpired. After explaining what had happened, psychologist can now predict what will happen in the future, since past behavior can be a future behavior. Control over the matter will now be easy because of what had been observed, had been explained and had been predicted. When condition is present, it should be towards positive behavior. To understand psychology to the fullest, one should conduct research. Research in psychology is essential because it helps psychologist understand individuals feelings, thoughts and actions. With research, psychologists are able to categorize psychological disorders. If these are categorized, they are able to understand it and analyze its symptoms and its impact to other people and to the society. This also provides understanding on how births, interactions, development, family, school, friends, religion and others affect individuals and society. Additionally, it also helps people to develop effective treatment for the development of quality of life. There are several types of scientific method in order to assess ones feelings, thoughts and actions. Naturalistic observation is the simplest form of research. It involves observation in natural environment. It provides soft data. However, the one being observed can alter their behavior, same as the researchers can alter their observation. some other type is case study. It includes psychological testing, interview and application of observation. Although it is time consuming, it can provide extensive qualitative and quantitative data. Next, survey provides large amount of information in a short period of time. correlational studie s provide understanding on relationship if there is a relationship, where will the relationship lead, and how strong the relationship is. Lastly, psychological testing utilizes testing to gather information (Psychology 101, 2004). Research needs scientific method to gain validity of data. Research uses scientific method to organize structure and attempt to gain knowledge. Scientific steps vary depending on research being done. The basic scientific method (Deweys Scientific Method) in doing research includes identification and defining what the problem is determining the hypotheses why research is needed or reason why the problem exists collection and analyzation of data gathered formulation of conclusion and lastly, application of the conclusion to the original hypotheses (Research Methods, 2004) Primary data in research is the data or samples used or collected during the course of the data gathering or researching. It also pertains to the results of the research. Secondary data, on the other hand, pertains to the data originally collected for a different research but used again for a new research question. Primary data includes subjects like demographics (age, sex, income, etc.), lifestyle characteristics, attitude, knowledge, intentions, motivations and behavior (Research Methods and Processes, 2006). It can be collected in field or in laboratory. It can be collected by means of survey or questionnaire. Secondary data is mainly less costly and less time consuming in comparison with the collection of the primary data. It is typically gathered before the primary data. Secondary data also help in determining the course in which the primary data is pursued. Example of secondary data is when a researcher uses a data from the Census. It can also be used as background information on specific research and answers specific research question. Unlike primary data, secondary data does not answer new research question sufficiently. Secondary data is available widely bec ause of the development and accessibility of information technology. Another key in research used for validity is the role of statistics. Statistics is a branch of applied mathematics consists of univariate and variable procedures. The role of statistics in psychological research or any other research is to describe compact data in terms of shape, central tendency and dispersing simple frequency distribution and to make finality about the properties of the statistical populations on the basis of statistics (Chow, 2002). Univariate procedure is used in psychology to measure iodin variable and multivariate procedure is used in measuring multiple variables. Multivariate procedure in needed to discover relationship between two or more variables, to obtain test statistics and/or to extract factors or latent variables (Chow, 2002).ReferencesAll Psych Online and Heffner Media Group Inc. (2004). Psychology 101. Retrieved January 10, 2008 from http//allpsych.com/psychology101/experiment .htmlAll Psych Online and Heffner Media Group Inc. (2004). Research Methods. Retrieved January 10, 2008 from http//allpsych.com/researchmethods/introduction.htmlChow, S.L. (2002). Statistics and Its case in Psychological Research. Methods in Psychological Research, p. 1-2. Retrieved January 8, 2008 from http//cogprints.org/2782/1/EOLSSsta.pdfThompson Gale. (2006). Research Methods and Processes. Retrieved January 8, 2008 from http//www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Pr-Sa/Research-Methods-and- Processes.html

Gloria Steinem Essay Example for Free

Gloria Steinem EssayGloria Steinem views America as a largely male-dominant culture. In her efforts to mouth out and take the field against this unbalanced form of golf club she strongly enforces her views of womanly anti-submissiveness. Be progress to of the seemingly unfair make out of rights hands have deprived American women of, Steinem c eithers for drastic changes in the way women view themselves and argon viewed twain in the society and within the home.Steinems biggest problem with our society is the harsh uninventive views that are laced exclusively by means ofout the culture. Children are raised with the ideas that men dominate certain areas of life, and women others, and crossing these dividing lines into areas reserved for the other sex activity is an act seen as both unnatural and taboo. In her undertake Life Between the Lines Steinem touches upon the common matrimonial problem of housework. (Steinem, 8) Because of the deeply rooted tradition of females and housework, many women struggle with feelings of helplessness and even embarrassment when move to get their husbands to help out around the home.In Huston and History, Steinem writes that because of the secondary status women are traditionally seen as having, they are to a greater extent likely to relate to minorities and those seen as less fortunate. Frederick Douglass recognized this when he stated that the cause of the slave has been peculiarly womens cause. Relating back to the fight to end slavery, which was most enthusiastically fought by the women. The essay sisterhood presses on this topic as well when it declares that the deep and personal connections among women living under patriarchy a great deal causes them to leap barriers of age, economics, worldly experience, race, and culture. (123) Even though society builds many walls between different people, the common polish of subordination remains a very strong uniting factor.Male and female roles in society have always been seen as vastly different. The common childrens poem What are precise girls made of? saccharide and spice, And everything nice, Thats what little girls are made of.What are little boys made of? Snips and snails, And puppy dog tails, Thatswhat little boys are made of.(internet http//showcase.netins.net/web/marys/LittleBoys.htm) is a perfect illustration of the generalizations our country has towards the two genders. Steinem suggests in her essay College Reunion that, through education, the boundaries between the two sexes might start to dissolve. Steinem states that Womens colleges have rarely taught us to fight for ourselves, or for other women. (137)Only in teaching women the skills necessary to break down the walls that tradition has create up, and equality and full humanity of women and men is achieved, can true feminism be accomplished. (5) Another major topic illustrated in this book is the authors concern about the sexual relationships between male and female. Accordi ng the Steinem, our cultures stereotypical views of the sexes often envelopes all aspects of life, bringing male-dominance even into the bedroom. Three essays focusing primarily upon the sexual dominance of men are Erotica vs. Pornography, I was a man-about-town Bunny , and If Men Could Menstruate.Erotica vs. Pornography centers on way the American society frequently sees sex. In America, children are raised with images of female sex symbols strewn all across the media which make women vulnerable for the pleasure of men. Steinem attributes the sexual male-supremacy to this trendy media tool. A common quote illustrating this blockage is sex will sale anything. Because of the steady moral decline in society, sex is also separated with violence and aggression in all forms of popular culture. (239) Pictures of females are seen in every form of media, from the video to the internet to the paper. This imagery drastically influences the way females think of themselves, and are viewed by others.I was a Playboy Bunny speaks of the time in which the author went undercover to become one of the famed Playboy Bunnies. formerly within the Playboy realm the glamour and intrigue quickly started to fade. Steinem saw that the bunnies were used in instill as cheap labor to feed the vastly popular Playboy clubs. Working long hours with no or little pay (54), outrageous regulations on hair, heels, clothing, and even the bunny demeanor all added to the unspectacular life of a Bunny.If Men Could Menstruate is a comical look at how the world would be different if it was in fact the male sex who was on a periodic menstrual cycle. Clearly, full point would become an enviable, boast-worthy masculine event Men would brag about how long and how much, and Sanitary supplies would be federally funded and free. (367) Although the essay is an interesting satire on what could be, no real arguments are held or reinforced. It is in furbish up an amusing look at how the culture might reac t if men were given the attributes of the weaker sex.Although many of Steinems arguments are well supported and easily seen as valid, they frequently focus on either to broad, or to abbreviate a topic. Essays like Men and Women Talking express the communication habits between males and females all over the world, from europium (193), Australia (194), Japan (203), and the U.S. a very large base from which drawing any solid conclusions becomes drastically more difficult. The other extreme argumental stance occurs in being to narrow. Essays like Ruths Song concentrate on a whizz instance and circumstance. Because of the narrow focal point it is hard to relate a specific exemplification to a larger, more common instance.In Ruths Song Steinem says that the biggest reason that my mother was cared for but not helped for 20 years was the simplest her functioning was not that necessary to the world. (143) Inferring that because her mother was a female, Steinem suggests that her only ro le in the preservation was to produce and care for her offspring, and that because she no longer could do either one, she was not an important member in society. Although her point may be well made, it relates directly to only those females who have, or are directly established by a mental breakdown. Because of the illness of one woman, it is hard to conclude that the fate of a single person would be the same for everyone else having a similar fortune.Steinems arguments all have the underlying theme of female limitation in a male-dominant society. To combat this she proposes that women learn to stand up for themselves and take action. Only through active change in every individual, can full and complete equilibrium among the sexes take place.

Ib Theatre Ri Noh Costume Essay Example for Free

Ib Theatre Ri Noh Costume EssayNoh is known as the classical lyrics drama of Japan. Noh is a combination of serveral dance and drama forms that came before it. (Noh and Kyogen) It embraces the peoples love for the religious and cultral traditions that involve the assortment of Japanese Dengaku and Sarugaku (which is a mix between a style of dance and mime). (Noh and Kyogen) Noh is fundamentally a symbolic theatre that focuses on the original and appreciation of ritual traditions and the appreciation of culture. A tradtitional romantic play in Noh theater is Hanjo (Lady Han). The story of Hanjo is round a yujo named Hanago that works in an inn. A man named Yoshida no Shosho came into the inn for the night on his voyage east. Hanago and Yoshida no Shosho fell in love and exchanged strike outs before he leaves for his journey. After Shosho is gone Hanago becomes nicknamed Hanjo becuase of her illden and obsessive love for Shosho with the only memories of him organism his fan .In this love story, the fans are a representation of the big(a) of their hearts to one another (connecting to the plot of which this story was derived from) in which the only memory that the women has of her lost devotee is the fan. Throughout the play Hanjo constantly has Shoshos fan in her posession and the more she waves the fan in the play, the more crazed she becomes thoughout the play. (Keene) One of the main aspects of Noh theater is the use of masks and to a Noh impostor, the mask gives the actor behind the mask the responsibilty to be the living embodiment of the qualities he is called upon to represent. Toki)The masks in No theater that are commonly employare the masks that were give rised between the fourteenth century and the seventeenth century and are prefe rosy to be utilize in a performance sort of than modern mask for the modern mask lacking in origionality compared to the classic. (Toki) In Noh theater, generally the diddlyshit (main actor/ protagonist) actor is the only actor masked in the play, but in certain instances the Shitez-zure (assistant of the Shite) will likewise wear a mask but only when representing a fe staminate character. Toki) Even though the Shite is the only actor to be wearing a mask, the Shite will not wear a mask when representing a character in a earthly or a realistic atom of work and theatrical make-up is rerely and often not used during Noh performances. (Toki) The most common masks that are used are masks that represent female characters.The female mask are used to represent women of all ages and lay out at times the beauty of the women or the ghost/ spirits of dead women. Toki) Different masks are used to represent the three main type of women, which are catagorized by age. (Toki) Young women are represented by ko-omote, magojiro, and waka-onna the middle-Aged women are represented by Shakumi, Fukai, and Zoh and finally the Old women are represented by uba and rojo. (Toki) hitherto on occasion the H annya mask is used in order to represent the vengeful women and conveys negative expressions and attitude. (Toki)When it comes to the deck up design for Noh performances there are four different catagorities that the costumes elicit be organized into costumes that are exhausted as undergarments, those worn oer the under garments, costumes resembling skirts, and costumes that divide the actors upper section and the lower section of the body. (Toki) A Shite costume with five layers and outer garment of brocade creates an imposing figure on stand for that can be even more imposing when a red or white wigging is added. (Toki) A very typical gown style worn by women is the Karaori, which is woven with threads of gold, silver gray and other colourise. Toki) Like most costumes in Noh theater, the use of color is major in determining the characters in the play. (Toki)Using red in the color scheme of any of the costume is best fit for a young character. (Toki) The most common costume for woman characters is the kinagashi (worn flowing), as well as the most common way of wearing kimono. (Toki) The outer drape over the under robe hanging from the shoulds to the ground and laced at the waist. (Toki) Another costume in Noh theater is the nuihaku (embroidery, foil) that can be used for both(prenominal) male and female characters. Komparu) A short-sleeved robed with a gold-foil or a silver- foil woven into the costume and embroidery, taking on the style of the satin-weave base. (Komparu)This costume is worn in the style of the koshimaki and includes the aslpects of being draped down from the waist, in any case resembling the nugi-sage. (Komparu) The nugi-sage (removed and draped) is a costume that will often symbolize a women that is mad. The right sleeve of the outer robe is removed and draped down the back, representing the decaying mind state of the women that is becoming mentally unfit. Komparu) Karaori (Chinese Weave), even though being influenced by the wov en style of Chinese clothing is a good representation of Japanese Noh costumes. (Komparu) The robes can be manipulated in order to classify the different characters. It could either include the traditional color red in order to represent the young women characters or can be used without red in order to symbolise the middle-aged and older characters.In order to create the representation of a womens skin, revive to the surihaku (foil applique). Komparu) Using the same style of the short-sleeved nuihaku with the gold-foil or silver-foil being woven into the costume with red indicates that the character is a woman. (Komparu) Another critical representation of women characters are the styles of katsura (wigs) put forwarded by the katsura obi (wig bands). (Komparu) The narrow bands are commodious strands that are laced around the outside of the wig and are left hanging down the actors back. (Komparu) The bands free include the aspects of the gold-foil or silver-foil with the choice o f red or not.The koshi obi (hip bands) can be used for both male and female characters. (Komparu) This resembles the mizu-goromo or is used with nuihaku in the style of koshimaki (draped from the waist). (Komparu) This costume is wrapped around the hips over a three quarter length. The tradtional styles of wigs that are used to indicate women character are the katsura, which is generally tied back or can be lengenthed to be the naga-katsura- (long wig) by attaching the long hair to a slender square cloth and tied onto the actors head then rearranged for the performances.Other styles include the kasshiki-katsura (the religious wig), the midare-bin (untidy or perturb wig), and the uba-katsura (old womans wig). (Komparu) For the costume design for Hanjo there are certain aspects from each of the traditional costumes that could come together to create a beautiful costume along with conveying ,the character, Hanjo going mad without her lover, Shosho.The most fitting costume style would be the mugi-sage (removed and draped), which is generally known for symbolizing the concept of a mad woman with the disordanized and elusive look of the right sleeve of the outer robe slipped of and left to hang down the back of the character. The colors of the robe would include the same aspects of the nuihaku and the surihaku with the silver-foil woven into the fabric and the traditional red to indicate that the character is a young woman.The headress of Hanjo would include the idare-bin (disheveled tresses) style of wig in order to help convey the slow strike of Hanjo becoming mad without her lover and the traditional katsura obi (wig band) with a red trim will support the headress itself and the concept of a female character. For props, Hanjo will hold bamboo grass in her hand which symbolizes a mad women. Along with the bamboo grass, Hanjo will hold a fan that will be a representation of Shoshos fan that she recieved and will be used to be waved more rapidly to symbolize Han jos madness.